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Year 11 in England

10th grade science

Every 10th grade science skill on Eurekami: 37 skills in 14 areas, each with a worked example, free practice that checks answers as you go, and printable worksheets with answer keys.

Mixed 10th grade review

Ten questions from across the year, a quick way to see what is secure and what needs another look.

Working scientifically

Interpreting data from tables and graphs

CCSS NGSS.SEP 4CCSS NGSS.SEP 5England: KS4 Working scientifically

Example

Study: Cooling coffee. Time (min) → Temperature (°C) 0 → 83 5 → 73 10 → 63 15 → 53 20 → 43 Estimate the value at 17.5, assuming the pattern between neighbouring points is a straight line.

  1. (53 + 43) ÷ 2 = 48
  2. So the answer is: 48

Answer: 48

Builds on: Reading tables and line graphs, Repeat readings, means and anomalies

Leads to: Analyse climate data: CO₂ records and temperature trends

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Evaluating experiments (research summaries)

CCSS NGSS.SEP 3CCSS NGSS.SEP 6England: KS4 Working scientifically

Example

Experiment 1: A pendulum with a 0.5 kg bob was timed for 10 swings with string lengths of 0.25 m, 0.50 m and 1.00 m. Experiment 2: A 1.00 m pendulum was timed with bobs of 0.1 kg, 0.5 kg and 1.0 kg. In Experiment 2, which variable was changed on purpose?

  1. In Experiment 2 the different values are given for the mass of the bob.
  2. So the answer is: the mass of the bob

Answer: the mass of the bob

Builds on: Independent, dependent and control variables, Drawing conclusions from evidence

Leads to: Comparing scientific explanations (conflicting viewpoints)

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Plants

Xylem, phloem and transpiration

CCSS NGSS.HS-LS1-2England: KS4 Combined Science: Transport systems

Example

Xylem or phloem? It transports mineral ions.

  1. Xylem carries water and mineral ions up from the roots; it is made of dead cells strengthened with lignin.
  2. So the answer is: xylem

Answer: xylem

Builds on: Photosynthesis

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Rate of photosynthesis and limiting factors

CCSS NGSS.HS-LS1-5England: KS4 Combined Science: Photosynthesis

Example

Which of these is NOT a limiting factor for photosynthesis?

  1. The main limiting factors are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature.
  2. So the answer is: oxygen concentration

Answer: oxygen concentration

Builds on: Photosynthesis

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States of matter

Specific heat capacity and latent heat

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-1CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-4England: KS4 Combined Science: EnergyEngland: KS4 Combined Science: Particle model of matter

Example

How much energy is needed to heat 2 kg of water by 40 °C? The specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg °C. Give your answer in J.

  1. ΔE = 2 × 4200 × 40
  2. = 336000
  3. So the answer is: 336000 J

Answer: 336000 J

Builds on: Melting and boiling points

Leads to: Specific latent heat (E = m L)

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Forces and motion

Momentum (p = m v)

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS2-2England: GCSE Combined Science: Forces (momentum, Higher)

Example

What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 2 m/s, in kg m/s?

  1. 5 × 2 = 10
  2. So the answer is: 10 kgm/s

Answer: 10 kgm/s

Builds on: Force, mass and acceleration (F = ma), Scalars and vectors: distance vs displacement, speed vs velocity

Leads to: Conservation of momentum in collisions and explosions, Force and rate of change of momentum (safety design)

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Distance from the area under a velocity–time graph

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS2-1CCSS NGSS.SEP 5England: GCSE Combined Science: Forces (Higher: area under velocity–time graph)

Example

A velocity–time graph rises in a straight line from (0 s, 0 m/s) to (4 s, 4 m/s). How far does the object travel in this time, in m?

  1. ½ × 4 × 4 = 8
  2. So the answer is: 8 m

Answer: 8 m

Builds on: Read velocity–time graphs: gradient and motion

Leads to: Uniform acceleration: v² − u² = 2 a s

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Energy

Energy stored in a stretched spring (E = ½ k e²)

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-1England: GCSE Combined Science: Energy (elastic potential energy)

Example

A spring with spring constant 100 N/m is stretched by 0.05 m. How much energy is stored in it, in J?

  1. 0.5 × 100 × 0.05² = 0.125
  2. So the answer is: 0.125 J

Answer: 0.125 J

Builds on: Stretching springs: extension and Hooke's law, Kinetic and gravitational potential energy

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Use energy conservation to find speeds and heights

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-1CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-2England: GCSE Combined Science: Energy

Example

A ball is dropped from a height of 5 m. Ignoring air resistance, how fast is it moving just before it hits the ground, in m/s? (g = 9.8 N/kg; give 1 decimal place)

  1. v = √(2 × 9.8 × 5) = √98 = 9.9
  2. So the answer is: 9.9 m/s

Answer: 9.9 m/s

Builds on: Kinetic and gravitational potential energy, Conservation of energy and wasted energy

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Electricity and magnetism

Power and energy in circuits (P = I²R, E = QV)

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-1England: GCSE Combined Science: Electricity (energy transfers)

Example

A current of 0.5 A flows through a 10 Ω resistor. What power is transferred, in W?

  1. 0.5² × 10 = 0.25 × 10 = 2.5
  2. So the answer is: 2.5 W

Answer: 2.5 W

Builds on: Charge, current and time (Q = I t), Electrical power, charge and energy

Leads to: Transformers and the National Grid

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Earth and rocks

Seismic waves as evidence for Earth's layers

CCSS NGSS.HS-ESS2-3CCSS NGSS.SEP 7England: GCSE Physics: Waves (seismic waves, Physics only)

Example

At a seismometer, the S waves arrive 15 s after the P waves. Assume P waves travel at 8 km/s and S waves at 4 km/s. How far away was the earthquake, in km?

  1. 1/4 − 1/8 = 1/8 s per km
  2. 15 ÷ (1/8) = 120
  3. So the answer is: 120 km

Answer: 120 km

Builds on: The structure of the Earth, Transverse and longitudinal waves

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Weather and climate

Carbon footprints and ways to cut emissions

CCSS NGSS.HS-ESS3-4CCSS NGSS.HS-ETS1-3CCSS NGSS.SEP 5England: GCSE Combined Science: Chemistry of the atmosphere (carbon footprint)

Example

A car emits 120 g of CO₂ per km and is driven 15000 km in a year. How much CO₂ does it emit in the year, in kg?

  1. 120 × 15000 = 1800000 g
  2. 1800000 ÷ 1000 = 1800
  3. So the answer is: 1800 kg

Answer: 1800 kg

Builds on: The greenhouse effect and climate change

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Space

The life cycle of stars

CCSS NGSS.HS-ESS1-1CCSS NGSS.HS-ESS1-3England: KS3 Physics: Space physicsEngland: KS4 Physics: Space physics (separate science)

Example

In the life cycle of a star much more massive than the Sun, what comes straight after "nebula"?

  1. nebula → protostar → main sequence star → red supergiant → supernova → neutron star or black hole
  2. So the answer is: protostar

Answer: protostar

Builds on: The scale of the universe

Leads to: The expanding universe and the Big Bang

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10th grade Science: Skills, Practice, Worksheets | Eurekami