11th grade cells, genetics and evolution

Example

Which stage of cellular respiration: splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules?

1. Glycolysis happens in the cytoplasm: glucose is split into two pyruvate, making a small net gain of ATP; no oxygen needed.
2. So the answer is: glycolysis

Answer: glycolysis

Example

Original DNA: ACT GAG GGT Mutated DNA: ACT TAG GGT What type of mutation is this?

1. Original: 9 bases. Mutated: 9 bases.
2. So the answer is: substitution

Answer: substitution

Example

What does CRISPR-Cas9 allow scientists to do?

1. CRISPR uses guide RNA to direct Cas9 to a target sequence, where the DNA is cut and edited.
2. So the answer is: cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely

Answer: cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely

Example

A protein contains 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of mRNA bases needed to code for it (ignore the stop codon)?

1. 141 × 3 = 423
2. So the answer is: 423

Answer: 423