11th grade cells, genetics and evolution
11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 14 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS1-7, NGSS.HS-LS3-2, NGSS.HS-LS3-1, NGSS.HS-LS4-6 · England: A level Biology: Respiration (extension), GCSE Biology: Inheritance, variation and evolution (mutations), GCSE Combined Science: Inheritance, variation and evolution
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Question 1
Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base substitution in the haemoglobin (hemoglobin) gene. What is the effect?
- A. No change at all
- B. Red blood cells gain a nucleus
- C. The whole haemoglobin gene is deleted
- D. One amino acid changes, altering the protein's shape and red blood cell shape
Question 2
The coding part of an mRNA molecule is 63 bases long, including one stop codon at the end. How many amino acids are in the protein?
Answer
Question 3
A poison blocks the electron transport chain. Why is it so dangerous?
- A. It makes extra oxygen
- B. It only affects plants
- C. Most ATP production stops, so cells quickly run out of energy
- D. Glycolysis speeds up and makes too much ATP
Question 4
A protein contains 146 amino acids. What is the minimum number of mRNA bases needed to code for it (ignore the stop codon)?
Answer
Question 5
What does CRISPR-Cas9 allow scientists to do?
- A. remove all mutations from a population
- B. read a person's thoughts
- C. cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely
- D. make copies of whole animals
Question 6
Which stage of cellular respiration: also happens in anaerobic respiration?
- A. glycolysis
- B. Krebs (citric acid) cycle
- C. electron transport chain
Question 7
Evaluate this claim: “Insect-resistant GM crops mean farmers never need to manage pests again.” Which response is best supported by evidence?
- A. Pests disappear forever after one season.
- B. The crops kill every animal that touches them.
- C. Insects cannot evolve.
- D. They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.
Question 8
DNA has 4 different bases. How many different sequences are possible for a group of 3 bases?
Answer
Question 9
Original DNA: AGG CGC AGA Mutated DNA: AGG GGC AGA What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 10
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
- B. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
- C. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.
- D. A substitution always changes the protein.
Question 11
Most mutations…
- A. are always harmful
- B. have little or no effect on the phenotype
- C. are caused only by radiation
- D. are always helpful
Question 12
The coding part of an mRNA molecule is 195 bases long, including one stop codon at the end. How many amino acids are in the protein?
Answer
Question 13
A poison blocks the electron transport chain. Why is it so dangerous?
- A. Glycolysis speeds up and makes too much ATP
- B. Most ATP production stops, so cells quickly run out of energy
- C. It only affects plants
- D. It makes extra oxygen
Question 14
A protein contains 300 amino acids. What is the minimum number of mRNA bases needed to code for it (ignore the stop codon)?
Answer
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