Substitution, insertion and deletion mutations
11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS3-2 · England: GCSE Biology: Inheritance, variation and evolution (mutations)
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Question 1
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
- B. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
- C. All mutations are harmful.
- D. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.
Question 2
Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base substitution in the haemoglobin (hemoglobin) gene. What is the effect?
- A. No change at all
- B. The whole haemoglobin gene is deleted
- C. One amino acid changes, altering the protein's shape and red blood cell shape
- D. Red blood cells gain a nucleus
Question 3
Original DNA: GAC TAT ACC Mutated DNA: GAC TAT CCC What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 4
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
- B. All mutations are harmful.
- C. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
- D. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.
Question 5
A substitution changes a codon, but the protein is exactly the same. How?
- A. The ribosome ignores mutations
- B. The new codon codes for the same amino acid
- C. The cell deletes the gene
- D. Proteins are not made from DNA
Question 6
Original DNA: AAT CCG TCC Mutated DNA: AAT CTG TCC What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 7
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. A substitution always changes the protein.
- B. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
- C. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
- D. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
Question 8
Why does a deletion usually have a bigger effect than a substitution?
- A. It shifts the reading frame, changing every codon after it
- B. It always makes the protein longer
- C. It removes a whole chromosome
- D. It changes only one amino acid
Question 9
Original DNA: CAC AAC GGG Mutated DNA: CAA ACG GG What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 10
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
- B. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
- C. Mutations in skin cells are passed on to children.
- D. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
Question 11
A substitution changes a codon, but the protein is exactly the same. How?
- A. The cell deletes the gene
- B. Proteins are not made from DNA
- C. The new codon codes for the same amino acid
- D. The ribosome ignores mutations
Question 12
Original DNA: TGA TGA GGT Mutated DNA: TGT GAG GT What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 13
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. A substitution always changes the protein.
- B. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
- C. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.
- D. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
Question 14
Why does a deletion usually have a bigger effect than a substitution?
- A. It changes only one amino acid
- B. It removes a whole chromosome
- C. It shifts the reading frame, changing every codon after it
- D. It always makes the protein longer
Question 15
Original DNA: GCG TCT GCG Mutated DNA: GCG TTT GCG What type of mutation is this?
- A. substitution
- B. insertion
- C. deletion
Question 16
Mutations: which statement is NOT true?
- A. Mutations in skin cells are passed on to children.
- B. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.
- C. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
- D. A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence.
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