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11th grade cells, genetics and evolution

11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 13 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS1-7, NGSS.HS-LS3-2, NGSS.HS-LS3-1, NGSS.HS-LS4-6 · England: A level Biology: Respiration (extension), GCSE Biology: Inheritance, variation and evolution (mutations), GCSE Combined Science: Inheritance, variation and evolution

Name

Date

Score/ 13

  1. Question 1

    A protein contains 141 amino acids. What is the minimum number of mRNA bases needed to code for it (ignore the stop codon)?

    Answer

  2. Question 2

    Original DNA: ATC GTA CGA Mutated DNA: ATT GTA CGA What type of mutation is this?

    • A. substitution
    • B. insertion
    • C. deletion

  3. Question 3

    Evaluate this claim: “Insect-resistant GM crops mean farmers never need to manage pests again.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. The crops kill every animal that touches them.
    • B. Pests disappear forever after one season.
    • C. They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.
    • D. Insects cannot evolve.

  4. Question 4

    Mutations: which statement is NOT true?

    • A. A substitution always changes the protein.
    • B. Mutations happen randomly and continuously.
    • C. Mutations provide the variation that natural selection acts on.
    • D. Ionising radiation can increase the rate of mutation.

  5. Question 5

    Which stage of cellular respiration: happens in the mitochondrial matrix?

    • A. glycolysis
    • B. Krebs (citric acid) cycle
    • C. electron transport chain

  6. Question 6

    About how many ATP molecules can aerobic respiration make from one glucose, compared with anaerobic?

    • A. about 1000, compared with 100
    • B. about 30, compared with 2
    • C. 2, compared with about 30
    • D. the same amount

  7. Question 7

    Sickle cell disease is caused by a single base substitution in the haemoglobin (hemoglobin) gene. What is the effect?

    • A. Red blood cells gain a nucleus
    • B. No change at all
    • C. One amino acid changes, altering the protein's shape and red blood cell shape
    • D. The whole haemoglobin gene is deleted

  8. Question 8

    DNA has 4 different bases. How many different sequences are possible for a group of 2 bases?

    Answer

  9. Question 9

    Golden rice was genetically modified to make a substance the body turns into vitamin A. What problem does it aim to reduce?

    • A. lack of protein
    • B. antibiotic resistance
    • C. vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness
    • D. obesity

  10. Question 10

    The coding part of an mRNA molecule is 753 bases long, including one stop codon at the end. How many amino acids are in the protein?

    Answer

  11. Question 11

    A protein contains 120 amino acids. What is the minimum number of mRNA bases needed to code for it (ignore the stop codon)?

    Answer

  12. Question 12

    Original DNA: TCG GTG CAC Mutated DNA: TCG TGC AC What type of mutation is this?

    • A. substitution
    • B. insertion
    • C. deletion

  13. Question 13

    Evaluate this claim: “Gene therapy can cure every inherited disease.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. It has never helped anyone.
    • B. Some gene therapies are approved for specific conditions, but many diseases are still being researched.
    • C. It changes the genes of every person on Earth.
    • D. It only works on plants.

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  1. 423
  2. substitution
  3. They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.
  4. A substitution always changes the protein.
  5. Krebs (citric acid) cycle
  6. about 30, compared with 2
  7. One amino acid changes, altering the protein's shape and red blood cell shape
  8. 16
  9. vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness
  10. 250
  11. 360
  12. deletion
  13. Some gene therapies are approved for specific conditions, but many diseases are still being researched.