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Science lesson plan · 3rd grade (Year 4 in England) · 60 minutes

Friction

Forces and motion

CCSS NGSS.3-PS2-1England: KS2 Y3 Forces and magnetsEngland: KS2 Y5 Forces

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Friction.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Pushes and pulls

Leads to: Air resistance and water resistance

Materials: Force meters, Toy cars and ramps, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 6 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Pushes and pulls). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Is this a push or a pull: picking an apple from a tree? (push / pull) → pullPrompt: Does the thing move away from you or towards you?
  2. What happens if you kick a ball harder? (It stops at once / It goes faster and further / Nothing changes / It goes slower) → It goes faster and furtherPrompt: A bigger push has a bigger effect.
  3. Pushes and pulls: which statement is true? (A force can make a still object start to move. / Opening a drawer is a push. / Things can start moving all by themselves with no force. / A gentle push makes a ball go faster than a hard push.) → A force can make a still object start to move.Prompt: What can a force do to an object?

Hook · 6 min

  • Drop a sheet of paper and a scrunched-up sheet together and ask why one falls faster.
  • Share the objective: Friction. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 12 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: On which surface would you slide furthest in your socks?
  • Step 1: Smooth surfaces have less friction, so you slide further.
  • Step 2: So the answer is: a polished wooden floor
  • Answer: a polished wooden floor
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 12 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Why do people oil a squeaky bicycle chain? (to increase friction / to make it heavier / to make it magnetic / to reduce friction) → to reduce frictionPrompt: Oil makes surfaces slippery.
  2. Friction: which statement is NOT true? (Ice has more friction than sandpaper. / Friction can make surfaces warm up. / Rough surfaces usually give more friction than smooth ones. / Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement.) → Ice has more friction than sandpaper.Prompt: Think about walking on ice.

You do: independent practice · 17 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 7 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 7 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Friction: which statement is NOT true? (Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement. / Ice has more friction than sandpaper. / Rough surfaces usually give more friction than smooth ones. / Friction can make surfaces warm up.) → Ice has more friction than sandpaper.Prompt: Think about walking on ice.
  2. Why do people oil a squeaky bicycle chain? (to make it heavier / to make it magnetic / to increase friction / to reduce friction) → to reduce frictionPrompt: Oil makes surfaces slippery.

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Pushes and pulls.
  • Use concrete materials: force meters.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Air resistance and water resistance.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-3.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Friction

Name

Date

Score/ 7

  1. Question 1

    Friction: which statement is NOT true?

    • A. Friction can make surfaces warm up.
    • B. Friction speeds things up.
    • C. Rough surfaces usually give more friction than smooth ones.
    • D. Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement.

  2. Question 2

    Why do people oil a squeaky bicycle chain?

    • A. to make it heavier
    • B. to reduce friction
    • C. to make it magnetic
    • D. to increase friction

  3. Question 3

    A toy car was rolled down the same ramp onto different surfaces. The chart shows how far it went (cm). Which surface had the LEAST friction?

    Distance travelled (cm)050100150200190grass150carpet40ice60wood floor
    • A. carpet
    • B. ice
    • C. wood floor
    • D. grass

  4. Question 4

    Why do football boots have studs?

    • A. to increase friction so players don't slip
    • B. to make a noise
    • C. to reduce friction
    • D. to make them lighter

  5. Question 5

    A toy car was rolled down the same ramp onto different surfaces. The chart shows how far it went (cm). Which surface had the MOST friction?

    Distance travelled (cm)050100150200120grass150ice190wood floor90sandpaper
    • A. wood floor
    • B. ice
    • C. grass
    • D. sandpaper

  6. Question 6

    What is friction?

    • A. a force that pulls things down
    • B. a force that only acts in water
    • C. a kind of magnet
    • D. a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub together

  7. Question 7

    On which surface would you slide furthest in your socks?

    • A. a gravel path
    • B. a polished wooden floor
    • C. a grassy field
    • D. a thick carpet

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Answer key: Friction

  1. 1. B. Friction speeds things up.

  2. 2. B. to reduce friction

  3. 3. D. grass

  4. 4. A. to increase friction so players don't slip

  5. 5. D. sandpaper

  6. 6. D. a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub together

  7. 7. B. a polished wooden floor