• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Verbal, situational and dramatic irony; The effect of narrative perspective and tense). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. Which type of irony matches this description? A speaker says the opposite of what they really mean. (verbal irony / situational irony / dramatic irony) → verbal ironyPrompt: Is the contrast in what someone SAYS, in what HAPPENS, or in what the AUDIENCE knows?
2. Is the proposed answer correct? A narrator describes a disastrous party but insists, "Everyone had a wonderful time." What might the writer be suggesting? → the narrator is unreliable, so readers should question their account (yes, it is correct / no, it is not correct) → yes, it is correctPrompt: Who is telling the story, and when (present or looking back)?
3. Which type of irony is used here? The fire station burned down. (dramatic irony / situational irony / verbal irony) → situational ironyPrompt: Does a character say something they don't mean?

• Read the first lines of a short text aloud and ask what students predict will happen and why.
• Share the objective: Drama terms: soliloquy, aside, foil, hamartia, catharsis…. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: Which drama term matches this description? A brief remark to the audience that the other characters on stage supposedly cannot hear.
• Step 1: Drama has its own techniques for revealing thoughts (soliloquy, aside), shaping character (foil, tragic hero, hamartia) and affecting the audience (catharsis).
• Step 2: aside: A brief remark to the audience that the other characters on stage supposedly cannot hear.
• Step 3: So the answer is: aside
• Answer: aside
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. Which drama term matches this description? A character who contrasts with another, highlighting their qualities. (foil / stage directions / aside / tragic hero) → foilPrompt: Who is the character speaking to: themselves, the audience, or other characters?
2. Which drama term best fits this moment from a play? [She crosses to the window, hesitates, then draws the curtains.] (monologue / hamartia / stage directions / catharsis) → stage directionsPrompt: Is the character alone? Speaking secretly to the audience? Addressing others at length?

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. Type the drama term (in English) that matches this description. The fatal flaw or error of judgement that causes a tragic hero's downfall. → hamartiaPrompt: Who is the character speaking to: themselves, the audience, or other characters?
2. Which drama term best fits this moment from a play? Alone on the empty stage, the prince wonders aloud whether to seek revenge or forgive. (tragic hero / soliloquy / catharsis / hamartia) → soliloquyPrompt: Is the character alone? Speaking secretly to the audience? Addressing others at length?

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-11.