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Science lesson plan · 3rd grade (Year 4 in England) · 45 minutes

Friction

Forces and motion

CCSS NGSS.3-PS2-1England: KS2 Y3 Forces and magnetsEngland: KS2 Y5 Forces

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Friction.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Pushes and pulls

Leads to: Air resistance and water resistance

Materials: Force meters, Toy cars and ramps, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 5 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Pushes and pulls). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Is this a push or a pull: tug of war? (push / pull) → pullPrompt: Does the thing move away from you or towards you?
  2. You squeeze a ball of modelling clay (play dough). What does the force do? (It changes its colour / It makes it disappear / Nothing / It changes its shape) → It changes its shapePrompt: Look at the clay after you squeeze it.
  3. Pushes and pulls: which statement is true? (A gentle push makes a ball go faster than a hard push. / A force can change the direction something is moving. / Opening a drawer is a push. / Things can start moving all by themselves with no force.) → A force can change the direction something is moving.Prompt: What can a force do to an object?

Hook · 5 min

  • Drop a sheet of paper and a scrunched-up sheet together and ask why one falls faster.
  • Share the objective: Friction. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 10 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: On which surface would you slide furthest in your socks?
  • Step 1: Smooth surfaces have less friction, so you slide further.
  • Step 2: So the answer is: a polished wooden floor
  • Answer: a polished wooden floor
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 10 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Why do football boots have studs? (to make a noise / to make them lighter / to increase friction so players don't slip / to reduce friction) → to increase friction so players don't slipPrompt: Grip is useful on wet grass.
  2. Friction: which statement is NOT true? (Rough surfaces usually give more friction than smooth ones. / Bicycle brakes use friction to slow the wheels. / Friction speeds things up. / Friction can make surfaces warm up.) → Friction speeds things up.Prompt: Think about walking on ice.

You do: independent practice · 10 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 7 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 5 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Friction: which statement is NOT true? (Friction can make surfaces warm up. / Rough surfaces usually give more friction than smooth ones. / Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement. / Ice has more friction than sandpaper.) → Ice has more friction than sandpaper.Prompt: Think about walking on ice.
  2. What is friction? (a kind of magnet / a force that only acts in water / a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub together / a force that pulls things down) → a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub togetherPrompt: Rub your hands together quickly. What do you feel?

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Pushes and pulls.
  • Use concrete materials: force meters.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Air resistance and water resistance.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-3.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

eurekami

Friction

Name

Date

Score/ 7

  1. Question 1

    Why do football boots have studs?

    • A. to reduce friction
    • B. to make a noise
    • C. to make them lighter
    • D. to increase friction so players don't slip

  2. Question 2

    Friction: which statement is NOT true?

    • A. Ice has more friction than sandpaper.
    • B. Friction acts in the opposite direction to movement.
    • C. Bicycle brakes use friction to slow the wheels.
    • D. Friction can make surfaces warm up.

  3. Question 3

    A toy car was rolled down the same ramp onto different surfaces. The chart shows how far it went (cm). Which surface had the LEAST friction?

    Distance travelled (cm)050100150200250230sandpaper60ice190carpet150wood floor
    • A. wood floor
    • B. ice
    • C. sandpaper
    • D. carpet

  4. Question 4

    A toy car was rolled down the same ramp onto different surfaces. The chart shows how far it went (cm). Which surface had the MOST friction?

    Distance travelled (cm)050100150200250230ice190sandpaper120carpet90wood floor
    • A. wood floor
    • B. carpet
    • C. ice
    • D. sandpaper

  5. Question 5

    Why do people oil a squeaky bicycle chain?

    • A. to make it heavier
    • B. to increase friction
    • C. to reduce friction
    • D. to make it magnetic

  6. Question 6

    On which surface would you slide furthest in your socks?

    • A. a thick carpet
    • B. a gravel path
    • C. a polished wooden floor
    • D. a grassy field

  7. Question 7

    What is friction?

    • A. a kind of magnet
    • B. a force that only acts in water
    • C. a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub together
    • D. a force that pulls things down

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Answer key: Friction

  1. 1. D. to increase friction so players don't slip

  2. 2. A. Ice has more friction than sandpaper.

  3. 3. C. sandpaper

  4. 4. A. wood floor

  5. 5. C. to reduce friction

  6. 6. C. a polished wooden floor

  7. 7. C. a force that acts against motion when surfaces rub together