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Science lesson plan · 11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 45 minutes

Selective breeding, genetic engineering and gene editing

Cells, genetics and evolution

CCSS NGSS.HS-LS3-1CCSS NGSS.HS-LS4-6CCSS NGSS.SEP 8England: GCSE Combined Science: Inheritance, variation and evolution

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Selective breeding, genetic engineering and gene editing.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; DNA, genes and chromosomes

Leads to: the next skill in this area.

Materials: Microscope images or slides, Cell diagrams, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 5 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; DNA, genes and chromosomes). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Where is this found: a nucleus? (prokaryotic cells only / eukaryotic cells only / both types of cell) → eukaryotic cells onlyPrompt: “Pro-karyote” means “before nucleus”.
  2. What is a gene? (a section of DNA that codes for a protein / a whole chromosome / a type of cell / a disease) → a section of DNA that codes for a proteinPrompt: Genes are found along chromosomes.
  3. Why can antibiotics kill bacteria without harming human cells? (Bacteria have a nucleus that absorbs the drug / Antibiotics only work outside the body / They target structures or processes that only bacterial cells have / Human cells have no ribosomes) → They target structures or processes that only bacterial cells havePrompt: Bacterial cell walls and ribosomes differ from ours.

Hook · 5 min

  • Show a microscope image of cells and ask what students think they are looking at.
  • Share the objective: Selective breeding, genetic engineering and gene editing. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 10 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: What does CRISPR-Cas9 allow scientists to do?
  • Step 1: CRISPR uses guide RNA to direct Cas9 to a target sequence, where the DNA is cut and edited.
  • Step 2: So the answer is: cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely
  • Answer: cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 10 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Golden rice was genetically modified to make a substance the body turns into vitamin A. What problem does it aim to reduce? (obesity / vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness / lack of protein / antibiotic resistance) → vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindnessPrompt: It targets places where rice is the main food.
  2. Evaluate this claim: “Insect-resistant GM crops mean farmers never need to manage pests again.” Which response is best supported by evidence? (They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed. / The crops kill every animal that touches them. / Insects cannot evolve. / Pests disappear forever after one season.) → They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.Prompt: Be wary of answers that use “never”, “every” or “always”.

You do: independent practice · 10 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 5 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. What does CRISPR-Cas9 allow scientists to do? (read a person's thoughts / make copies of whole animals / remove all mutations from a population / cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely) → cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene preciselyPrompt: Cas9 is an enzyme guided by a short piece of RNA.
  2. Evaluate this claim: “Insect-resistant GM crops mean farmers never need to manage pests again.” Which response is best supported by evidence? (The crops kill every animal that touches them. / Pests disappear forever after one season. / They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed. / Insects cannot evolve.) → They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.Prompt: Be wary of answers that use “never”, “every” or “always”.

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Use concrete materials: microscope images or slides.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-11.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Selective breeding, genetic engineering and gene editing

Name

Date

Score/ 8

  1. Question 1

    Evaluate this claim: “Gene therapy can cure every inherited disease.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. It only works on plants.
    • B. It has never helped anyone.
    • C. It changes the genes of every person on Earth.
    • D. Some gene therapies are approved for specific conditions, but many diseases are still being researched.

  2. Question 2

    What does CRISPR-Cas9 allow scientists to do?

    • A. cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely
    • B. make copies of whole animals
    • C. read a person's thoughts
    • D. remove all mutations from a population

  3. Question 3

    Evaluate this claim: “Insect-resistant GM crops mean farmers never need to manage pests again.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. Pests disappear forever after one season.
    • B. The crops kill every animal that touches them.
    • C. Insects cannot evolve.
    • D. They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.

  4. Question 4

    Farmers breed only the cows that give the most milk, generation after generation. What is this called?

    • A. selective breeding (artificial selection)
    • B. genetic engineering
    • C. cloning
    • D. natural selection

  5. Question 5

    Evaluate this claim: “GM crops are unsafe to eat.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. Large reviews of studies have found approved GM foods as safe as conventional foods, but each new crop is tested separately.
    • B. A website says so, so it must be true.
    • C. All GM crops are identical, so one test proves everything.
    • D. Nobody has ever tested GM food.

  6. Question 6

    Golden rice was genetically modified to make a substance the body turns into vitamin A. What problem does it aim to reduce?

    • A. lack of protein
    • B. obesity
    • C. antibiotic resistance
    • D. vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness

  7. Question 7

    Evaluate this claim: “Selective breeding is new and unnatural.” Which response is best supported by evidence?

    • A. It was invented in the last ten years.
    • B. It only works on bacteria.
    • C. Humans have selectively bred crops and animals for thousands of years; for example, maize was bred from a wild grass called teosinte.
    • D. It uses CRISPR to cut DNA.

  8. Question 8

    A problem with selective breeding is…

    • A. it creates new species every year
    • B. it is always too fast
    • C. inbreeding, which reduces variation and can increase inherited disorders
    • D. it uses radioactive materials

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Answer key: Selective breeding, genetic engineering and gene editing

  1. 1. D. Some gene therapies are approved for specific conditions, but many diseases are still being researched.

  2. 2. A. cut DNA at a chosen place to edit a gene precisely

  3. 3. D. They can reduce insecticide spraying, but insects can evolve resistance, so careful management is still needed.

  4. 4. A. selective breeding (artificial selection)

  5. 5. A. Large reviews of studies have found approved GM foods as safe as conventional foods, but each new crop is tested separately.

  6. 6. D. vitamin A deficiency, which can cause blindness

  7. 7. C. Humans have selectively bred crops and animals for thousands of years; for example, maize was bred from a wild grass called teosinte.

  8. 8. C. inbreeding, which reduces variation and can increase inherited disorders