• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Thesis statements and supporting evidence; Active and passive voice). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. Which sentence is the passive version of this sentence? A bee stung my brother. • A bee was stung by my brother. • My brother was stung by a bee. • My brother stung a bee. • My brother was stinged by a bee. (A bee was stung by my brother. / My brother was stung by a bee. / My brother stung a bee. / My brother was stinged by a bee.) → My brother was stung by a bee.Prompt: In a passive sentence, the thing the action is done TO becomes the subject.
2. Topic: Should schools start later in the morning? Which is the strongest thesis statement? (Some schools start early and some start late. / Sleep is important. / This essay is about school start times. / Schools should start later because teenagers' sleep patterns make early starts harmful to their learning and health.) → Schools should start later because teenagers' sleep patterns make early starts harmful to their learning and health.Prompt: A strong thesis takes a clear, arguable position and hints at the reasons.
3. Is this sentence active or passive? Heavy rain flooded the main road. (active / passive) → activePrompt: Who or what is the subject? Is the subject DOING the action or RECEIVING it?

• Show two openings to the same piece of writing and ask which makes them want to read on.
• Share the objective: Academic style: hedging, nominalisation and objectivity. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: "This proves that social media causes loneliness." (The evidence is a single correlational survey.) Which revision uses appropriate hedging?
• Step 1: Academic style is objective, precise and cautious about what the evidence shows.
• Step 2: So the answer is: These findings suggest a possible link between social media use and loneliness.
• Answer: These findings suggest a possible link between social media use and loneliness.
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. "Everyone knows that homework is pointless." Which revision is most objective? (It's a fact that homework never works. / Homework is obviously useless, as anyone can see. / Everyone knows homework is completely pointless. / Some studies have questioned the value of homework for younger pupils.) → Some studies have questioned the value of homework for younger pupils.Prompt: Academic writing avoids overclaiming, slang and unnecessary personal pronouns.
2. "We analysed the data and we found that prices went up a lot when the factory shut." Which revision uses nominalisation to sound more formal and concise? (Prices, when the factory shut, went up, we found, a lot. / We looked at the data and prices went up loads when the factory shut. / Analysis of the data revealed a sharp price increase following the factory's closure. / The data was analysed by us and we found prices went up a lot.) → Analysis of the data revealed a sharp price increase following the factory's closure.Prompt: Academic writing avoids overclaiming, slang and unnecessary personal pronouns.

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 4 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. "We analysed the data and we found that prices went up a lot when the factory shut." Which revision uses nominalisation to sound more formal and concise? (Analysis of the data revealed a sharp price increase following the factory's closure. / We looked at the data and prices went up loads when the factory shut. / Prices, when the factory shut, went up, we found, a lot. / The data was analysed by us and we found prices went up a lot.) → Analysis of the data revealed a sharp price increase following the factory's closure.Prompt: Academic writing avoids overclaiming, slang and unnecessary personal pronouns.
2. "I think the poet is really sad because her dad died." Which revision is most appropriate for an academic literary essay? (The poet is super sad, I feel. / I reckon the poet is sad about her dad. / Basically the poem is just about being sad. / The poem's imagery conveys the speaker's grief following a parent's death.) → The poem's imagery conveys the speaker's grief following a parent's death.Prompt: Academic writing avoids overclaiming, slang and unnecessary personal pronouns.

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-12.