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Science lesson plan · 8th grade (Year 9 in England) · 30 minutes

Current and voltage rules in series and parallel circuits

Electricity and magnetism

CCSS NGSS.MS-PS2-3CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-5England: KS3 Physics: Electricity and electromagnetismEngland: GCSE Combined Science: Electricity (series and parallel)

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Current and voltage rules in series and parallel circuits.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Series and parallel circuits

Leads to: Total resistance of series and parallel networks

Materials: Circuit kits (cells, wires, bulbs), Circuit symbol cards, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 4 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Series and parallel circuits). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. A parallel circuit has two branches. The current in one branch is 1 A and in the other is 1 A. What is the current from the battery, in A? → 2 APrompt: In parallel, the branch currents add up to the total current.
  2. How is an ammeter connected to measure the current through a lamp? (in parallel with the lamp / in series with the lamp / across the battery only / it is not connected) → in series with the lampPrompt: The current must pass through the meter.
  3. Series and parallel: which statement is NOT true? (In series, total resistance is the sum of the resistances. / Adding resistors in parallel increases the total resistance. / Voltmeters are connected in parallel. / In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each branch is the same.) → Adding resistors in parallel increases the total resistance.Prompt: Is current used up in a circuit?

Hook · 3 min

  • Show a circuit with a gap and ask why the bulb doesn't light.
  • Share the objective: Current and voltage rules in series and parallel circuits. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 7 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: Two lamps are connected in series to a 12 V battery. The voltage across the first lamp is 8 V. What is the voltage across the second lamp, in V?
  • Step 1: 12 − 8 = 4
  • Step 2: So the answer is: 4 V
  • Answer: 4 V
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 6 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Two lamps are connected in series to a 4.5 V battery. The voltage across the first lamp is 3 V. What is the voltage across the second lamp, in V? → 1.5 VPrompt: In series, the supply voltage is shared between components.
  2. Two lamps are in parallel. The current through one branch is 0.2 A and through the other is 0.1 A. What current flows from the battery, in A? → 0.3 APrompt: In parallel, the current splits between branches.

You do: independent practice · 7 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 3 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. In a series circuit with three lamps, one lamp breaks. What happens to the other two? (they go out / they get brighter / only one goes out / they stay the same) → they go outPrompt: A series circuit has just one loop.
  2. Two lamps are connected in series to a 6 V battery. The voltage across the first lamp is 1.5 V. What is the voltage across the second lamp, in V? → 4.5 VPrompt: In series, the supply voltage is shared between components.

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Series and parallel circuits.
  • Use concrete materials: circuit kits (cells, wires, bulbs).
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Total resistance of series and parallel networks.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-8.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Current and voltage rules in series and parallel circuits

Name

Date

Score/ 6

  1. Question 1

    Two lamps are connected in series to a 12 V battery. The voltage across the first lamp is 8 V. What is the voltage across the second lamp, in V?

    AnswerV

  2. Question 2

    Two identical lamps are connected in parallel to a 6 V battery. What is the voltage across each lamp?

    • A. 0 V
    • B. 3 V
    • C. 12 V
    • D. 6 V

  3. Question 3

    Two lamps are in parallel. The current through one branch is 1 A and through the other is 0.1 A. What current flows from the battery, in A?

    AnswerA

  4. Question 4

    Two lamps are connected in series to a 3 V battery. The voltage across the first lamp is 1 V. What is the voltage across the second lamp, in V?

    AnswerV

  5. Question 5

    An ammeter reads 0.4 A before the first lamp in a series circuit. What will it read after the last lamp?

    • A. more than 0.4 A
    • B. less than 0.4 A
    • C. 0.4 A
    • D. 0 A

  6. Question 6

    Two lamps are in parallel. The current through one branch is 0.5 A and through the other is 0.6 A. What current flows from the battery, in A?

    AnswerA

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Answer key: Current and voltage rules in series and parallel circuits

  1. 1. 4 V

  2. 2. D. 6 V

  3. 3. 1.1 A

  4. 4. 2 V

  5. 5. C. 0.4 A

  6. 6. 1.1 A