• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Verbal, situational and dramatic irony; The effect of narrative perspective and tense). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. Which type of irony matches this description? What actually happens is the opposite of what anyone would expect. (dramatic irony / verbal irony / situational irony) → situational ironyPrompt: Is the contrast in what someone SAYS, in what HAPPENS, or in what the AUDIENCE knows?
2. Is the proposed answer correct? A story switches between two first-person narrators in alternating chapters. What is the main benefit? → readers learn nothing about either character (yes, it is correct / no, it is not correct) → no, it is not correctPrompt: Who is telling the story, and when (present or looking back)?
3. Which type of irony is used here? The town's anti-litter rally left the park covered in leaflets. (dramatic irony / verbal irony / situational irony) → situational ironyPrompt: Does a character say something they don't mean?

• Read the first lines of a short text aloud and ask what students predict will happen and why.
• Share the objective: Drama terms: soliloquy, aside, foil, hamartia, catharsis…. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: Which drama term matches this description? A brief remark to the audience that the other characters on stage supposedly cannot hear.
• Step 1: Drama has its own techniques for revealing thoughts (soliloquy, aside), shaping character (foil, tragic hero, hamartia) and affecting the audience (catharsis).
• Step 2: aside: A brief remark to the audience that the other characters on stage supposedly cannot hear.
• Step 3: So the answer is: aside
• Answer: aside
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. Which drama term matches this description? A brief remark to the audience that the other characters on stage supposedly cannot hear. (soliloquy / catharsis / aside / hamartia) → asidePrompt: Who is the character speaking to: themselves, the audience, or other characters?
2. Which drama term best fits this moment from a play? Alone on the empty stage, the prince wonders aloud whether to seek revenge or forgive. (catharsis / soliloquy / monologue / hamartia) → soliloquyPrompt: Is the character alone? Speaking secretly to the audience? Addressing others at length?

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. Which drama term matches this description? A speech in which a character, alone on stage, speaks their thoughts aloud. (soliloquy / foil / stage directions / catharsis) → soliloquyPrompt: Who is the character speaking to: themselves, the audience, or other characters?
2. Type the drama term (in English) that matches this description. A noble or admirable protagonist whose flaw leads to their downfall. → tragic heroPrompt: Who is the character speaking to: themselves, the audience, or other characters?

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-11.