Math lesson plan · 9th grade (Year 10 in England) · 30 minutes
Average rate of change over an interval
Algebra
CCSS HSF.IF.B.6England: GCSE Higher Algebra
Objective and success criteria
Students will: Average rate of change over an interval.
- I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
- I can explain each step and say why it works.
- I can check my answer and spot a mistake.
Before and after
Needs first: Function notation; Slope (gradient) of a line
Leads to: Estimate the gradient of a curve with chords
Materials: Balance scales or a balance drawing, Algebra tiles, Function machine cards, Mini whiteboards and pens, Printed student sheet (below).
Warm-up · 4 min
- Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Function notation; Slope (gradient) of a line). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
- Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
- f(x) = x² − 5x + 7. Find f(−2). → 21Prompt: Replace every x with (−2).
- f(x) = −5x + 10. For what value of x is f(x) = −40? → x = 10Prompt: Set the expression equal to the value.
- f(x) = 3x² − 3x − 4. Find f(−1). → 2Prompt: Replace every x with (−1).
Hook · 3 min
- Show a "think of a number" puzzle and ask the class to work out the starting number.
- Share the objective: Average rate of change over an interval. Read the success criteria together.
I do: model it · 7 min
- Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
- Example: x: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 f(x): 2, 8, 20, 38, 62 Find the average rate of change of f from x = 0 to x = 4.
- Step 1: (62 − 2) ÷ (4 − 0)
- Step 2: = 15
- Answer: 15
- Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.
We do: guided practice · 6 min
- Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
- Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
- x: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 f(x): −4, −1, 8, 23, 44 Find the average rate of change of f from x = 1 to x = 4. → 15Prompt: Average rate = change in f(x) ÷ change in x.
- f(x) = −3x² − 2x − 3. Find the average rate of change of f between x = −2 and x = 2. → -2Prompt: Evaluate f at both ends of the interval.
You do: independent practice · 7 min
- Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
- Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.
The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.
Exit ticket · 3 min
- Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
- x: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 f(x): −1, −3, −3, −1, 3 Find the average rate of change of f from x = 0 to x = 4. → 1Prompt: Average rate = change in f(x) ÷ change in x.
- f(x) = x² − 2x − 6. Find the average rate of change of f between x = 2 and x = 5. → 5Prompt: Evaluate f at both ends of the interval.
Watch out for
- Doing an operation to one side of an equation but not the other.
- Reading 3x as 3 + x, or thinking x always stands for one particular number.
Support and stretch
Support
- Review first: Function notation.
- Use concrete materials: balance scales or a balance drawing.
- Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
- Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.
Stretch
- Move on to: Estimate the gradient of a curve with chords.
- Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
- Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.
Homework and more practice
Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/math/grade-9.
Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder