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Rhetorical devices of syntax

11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: RI.11-12.6, L.11-12.3.A · England: AP Language, GCSE English Language Paper 2 Q3, A-level English Language

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The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

  1. Question 1

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." Which device sets 'what we say' against 'what they did'?

    • A. metonymy
    • B. anaphora
    • C. onomatopoeia
    • D. antithesis

  1. Question 2

    Which rhetorical device is used here? We ran and we climbed and we swam and we laughed until the sun went down.

    • A. chiasmus
    • B. antithesis
    • C. polysyndeton
    • D. anaphora

  2. Question 3

    Which rhetorical device matches this description? Placing contrasting ideas side by side in balanced phrases.

    • A. chiasmus
    • B. polysyndeton
    • C. anaphora
    • D. antithesis

  3. Question 4

    Type the rhetorical device (in English) that matches this description. Leaving out conjunctions between items in a list, for speed or force.

    Answer

The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

  1. Question 5

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "We can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground" repeats 'we can not' at the start of each phrase. What is this device called?

    • A. litotes
    • B. anaphora
    • C. chiasmus
    • D. asyndeton

  2. Question 6

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." Which device sets 'what we say' against 'what they did'?

    • A. anaphora
    • B. metonymy
    • C. onomatopoeia
    • D. antithesis

  1. Question 7

    Which rhetorical device is used here? We were poor in money but rich in friendship.

    • A. epistrophe
    • B. anaphora
    • C. asyndeton
    • D. antithesis

  2. Question 8

    Which rhetorical device matches this description? Understatement that expresses an idea by denying its opposite.

    • A. chiasmus
    • B. antithesis
    • C. litotes
    • D. epistrophe

  3. Question 9

    Type the rhetorical device (in English) that matches this description. Using many conjunctions in a row, to slow down or pile up items.

    Answer

The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

  1. Question 10

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "We can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground" repeats 'we can not' at the start of each phrase. What is this device called?

    • A. chiasmus
    • B. litotes
    • C. asyndeton
    • D. anaphora

  2. Question 11

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." Which device sets 'what we say' against 'what they did'?

    • A. metonymy
    • B. anaphora
    • C. antithesis
    • D. onomatopoeia

  1. Question 12

    Which rhetorical device is used here? There were maps and compasses and torches and ropes and far too many snacks.

    • A. asyndeton
    • B. anaphora
    • C. polysyndeton
    • D. chiasmus

  2. Question 13

    Which rhetorical device matches this description? Repeating the same word or phrase at the END of successive clauses.

    • A. epistrophe
    • B. chiasmus
    • C. litotes
    • D. antithesis

  3. Question 14

    Type the rhetorical device (in English) that matches this description. Repeating ideas in reverse order (A–B, B–A).

    Answer

The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

  1. Question 15

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "We can not dedicate—we can not consecrate—we can not hallow—this ground" repeats 'we can not' at the start of each phrase. What is this device called?

    • A. anaphora
    • B. litotes
    • C. asyndeton
    • D. chiasmus

  2. Question 16

    Read "The Gettysburg Address (Abraham Lincoln, 1863)". "The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here." Which device sets 'what we say' against 'what they did'?

    • A. antithesis
    • B. anaphora
    • C. onomatopoeia
    • D. metonymy

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Answer key: Rhetorical devices of syntax

  1. 1. D. antithesis

  2. 2. C. polysyndeton

  3. 3. D. antithesis

  4. 4. asyndeton

  5. 5. B. anaphora

  6. 6. D. antithesis

  7. 7. D. antithesis

  8. 8. C. litotes

  9. 9. polysyndeton

  10. 10. D. anaphora

  11. 11. C. antithesis

  12. 12. C. polysyndeton

  13. 13. A. epistrophe

  14. 14. chiasmus

  15. 15. A. anaphora

  16. 16. A. antithesis