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Using data from tables and graphs

11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: RI.11-12.7, RST.11-12.7 · England: SAT Reading and Writing (Command of Evidence: Quantitative), ACT Science-style reading

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Cooling the City (with data)

On hot summer afternoons, the centres of large cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. This "urban heat island" effect occurs because dark surfaces such as asphalt and roofing absorb sunlight and release it slowly as heat, while buildings trap warm air and reduce the cooling effect of wind. A lack of vegetation makes the problem worse: trees and plants cool the air by providing shade and releasing water vapour. In a recent study, researchers measured the average afternoon surface temperature in July across four neighbourhoods of one city, alongside the percentage of each area covered by trees. Their results are summarised below. Neighbourhood | Tree cover (%) | Average July afternoon surface temperature (°C) Northgate | 8 | 41 Riverside | 15 | 38 Elm Park | 27 | 34 Hillcrest | 35 | 32 The researchers caution that tree cover is not the only factor: Riverside, for instance, is next to a large river, which may have cooled it independently. Nevertheless, they conclude that expanding urban tree cover is a promising strategy for reducing extreme heat, particularly in neighbourhoods where many residents lack air conditioning.

  1. Question 1

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which statement is best supported by the table?

    • A. Elm Park has the most trees.
    • B. Tree cover has no relationship with temperature.
    • C. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
    • D. Northgate is cooler than Riverside.

  2. Question 2

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". What is the difference in average temperature between Northgate and Hillcrest?

    • A. 3 °C
    • B. 27 °C
    • C. 9 °C
    • D. 7 °C

  1. Question 3

    Table: Average daily screen time (hours) Age 8–10: 2.5 · Age 11–13: 4.0 · Age 14–16: 5.5 Which statement is supported by the table?

    • A. Average screen time increases with age group.
    • B. Children aged 8–10 use screens the most.
    • C. Screen time is the same for all ages.
    • D. Teenagers aged 14–16 use screens less than 4 hours.

Cooling the City (with data)

On hot summer afternoons, the centres of large cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. This "urban heat island" effect occurs because dark surfaces such as asphalt and roofing absorb sunlight and release it slowly as heat, while buildings trap warm air and reduce the cooling effect of wind. A lack of vegetation makes the problem worse: trees and plants cool the air by providing shade and releasing water vapour. In a recent study, researchers measured the average afternoon surface temperature in July across four neighbourhoods of one city, alongside the percentage of each area covered by trees. Their results are summarised below. Neighbourhood | Tree cover (%) | Average July afternoon surface temperature (°C) Northgate | 8 | 41 Riverside | 15 | 38 Elm Park | 27 | 34 Hillcrest | 35 | 32 The researchers caution that tree cover is not the only factor: Riverside, for instance, is next to a large river, which may have cooled it independently. Nevertheless, they conclude that expanding urban tree cover is a promising strategy for reducing extreme heat, particularly in neighbourhoods where many residents lack air conditioning.

  1. Question 4

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which neighbourhood had both the most tree cover and the lowest temperature?

    • A. Riverside
    • B. Northgate
    • C. Hillcrest
    • D. Elm Park

  2. Question 5

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which statement is best supported by the table?

    • A. Tree cover has no relationship with temperature.
    • B. Northgate is cooler than Riverside.
    • C. Elm Park has the most trees.
    • D. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.

  3. Question 6

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". What is the difference in average temperature between Northgate and Hillcrest?

    • A. 9 °C
    • B. 7 °C
    • C. 3 °C
    • D. 27 °C

  1. Question 7

    Table: Average daily screen time (hours) Age 8–10: 2.5 · Age 11–13: 4.0 · Age 14–16: 5.5 Which statement is supported by the table?

    • A. Screen time is the same for all ages.
    • B. Average screen time increases with age group.
    • C. Teenagers aged 14–16 use screens less than 4 hours.
    • D. Children aged 8–10 use screens the most.

Cooling the City (with data)

On hot summer afternoons, the centres of large cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. This "urban heat island" effect occurs because dark surfaces such as asphalt and roofing absorb sunlight and release it slowly as heat, while buildings trap warm air and reduce the cooling effect of wind. A lack of vegetation makes the problem worse: trees and plants cool the air by providing shade and releasing water vapour. In a recent study, researchers measured the average afternoon surface temperature in July across four neighbourhoods of one city, alongside the percentage of each area covered by trees. Their results are summarised below. Neighbourhood | Tree cover (%) | Average July afternoon surface temperature (°C) Northgate | 8 | 41 Riverside | 15 | 38 Elm Park | 27 | 34 Hillcrest | 35 | 32 The researchers caution that tree cover is not the only factor: Riverside, for instance, is next to a large river, which may have cooled it independently. Nevertheless, they conclude that expanding urban tree cover is a promising strategy for reducing extreme heat, particularly in neighbourhoods where many residents lack air conditioning.

  1. Question 8

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which neighbourhood had both the most tree cover and the lowest temperature?

    • A. Elm Park
    • B. Riverside
    • C. Hillcrest
    • D. Northgate

  2. Question 9

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which statement is best supported by the table?

    • A. Northgate is cooler than Riverside.
    • B. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
    • C. Elm Park has the most trees.
    • D. Tree cover has no relationship with temperature.

  3. Question 10

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". What is the difference in average temperature between Northgate and Hillcrest?

    • A. 27 °C
    • B. 9 °C
    • C. 7 °C
    • D. 3 °C

  1. Question 11

    Graph summary: Ice cream sales rise from 200 in March to 900 in July, then fall to 300 in October. Which conclusion is best supported?

    • A. Sales were highest in March.
    • B. October sales were higher than March sales by 300.
    • C. Sales rose every month.
    • D. Sales peaked in July.

Cooling the City (with data)

On hot summer afternoons, the centres of large cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. This "urban heat island" effect occurs because dark surfaces such as asphalt and roofing absorb sunlight and release it slowly as heat, while buildings trap warm air and reduce the cooling effect of wind. A lack of vegetation makes the problem worse: trees and plants cool the air by providing shade and releasing water vapour. In a recent study, researchers measured the average afternoon surface temperature in July across four neighbourhoods of one city, alongside the percentage of each area covered by trees. Their results are summarised below. Neighbourhood | Tree cover (%) | Average July afternoon surface temperature (°C) Northgate | 8 | 41 Riverside | 15 | 38 Elm Park | 27 | 34 Hillcrest | 35 | 32 The researchers caution that tree cover is not the only factor: Riverside, for instance, is next to a large river, which may have cooled it independently. Nevertheless, they conclude that expanding urban tree cover is a promising strategy for reducing extreme heat, particularly in neighbourhoods where many residents lack air conditioning.

  1. Question 12

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which neighbourhood had both the most tree cover and the lowest temperature?

    • A. Riverside
    • B. Northgate
    • C. Elm Park
    • D. Hillcrest

  2. Question 13

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which statement is best supported by the table?

    • A. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
    • B. Northgate is cooler than Riverside.
    • C. Elm Park has the most trees.
    • D. Tree cover has no relationship with temperature.

  3. Question 14

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". What is the difference in average temperature between Northgate and Hillcrest?

    • A. 7 °C
    • B. 9 °C
    • C. 3 °C
    • D. 27 °C

  1. Question 15

    Graph summary: Ice cream sales rise from 200 in March to 900 in July, then fall to 300 in October. Which conclusion is best supported?

    • A. Sales rose every month.
    • B. Sales were highest in March.
    • C. Sales peaked in July.
    • D. October sales were higher than March sales by 300.

Cooling the City (with data)

On hot summer afternoons, the centres of large cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. This "urban heat island" effect occurs because dark surfaces such as asphalt and roofing absorb sunlight and release it slowly as heat, while buildings trap warm air and reduce the cooling effect of wind. A lack of vegetation makes the problem worse: trees and plants cool the air by providing shade and releasing water vapour. In a recent study, researchers measured the average afternoon surface temperature in July across four neighbourhoods of one city, alongside the percentage of each area covered by trees. Their results are summarised below. Neighbourhood | Tree cover (%) | Average July afternoon surface temperature (°C) Northgate | 8 | 41 Riverside | 15 | 38 Elm Park | 27 | 34 Hillcrest | 35 | 32 The researchers caution that tree cover is not the only factor: Riverside, for instance, is next to a large river, which may have cooled it independently. Nevertheless, they conclude that expanding urban tree cover is a promising strategy for reducing extreme heat, particularly in neighbourhoods where many residents lack air conditioning.

  1. Question 16

    Read "Cooling the City (with data)". Which neighbourhood had both the most tree cover and the lowest temperature?

    • A. Hillcrest
    • B. Elm Park
    • C. Riverside
    • D. Northgate

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  1. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
  2. 9 °C
  3. Average screen time increases with age group.
  4. Hillcrest
  5. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
  6. 9 °C
  7. Average screen time increases with age group.
  8. Hillcrest
  9. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
  10. 9 °C
  11. Sales peaked in July.
  12. Hillcrest
  13. As tree cover increases across the four neighbourhoods, average temperature decreases.
  14. 9 °C
  15. Sales peaked in July.
  16. Hillcrest