12th grade cells, genetics and evolution
12th grade (Year 13 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS3-3, NGSS.HS-LS4-3, NGSS.SEP 5, NGSS.HS-LS3-1 · England: A level Biology: Inheritance (extension), A level Biology: Populations and evolution (extension), GCSE Biology: DNA structure
Name
Date
Score/ 16
Question 1
In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 22 % of the bases are adenine (A). What percentage are guanine (G)?
Answer%
Question 2
A guinea pig with genotype BbRr is crossed with one that is bbrr. What ratio of phenotypes is expected in the offspring?
- A. 1 : 1
- B. 3 : 1
- C. 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
- D. 1 : 1 : 1 : 1
Question 3
Is this passive or active transport: a gland cell releasing hormone in vesicles (exocytosis)?
- A. passive (no ATP needed)
- B. active (uses ATP)
Question 4
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. Which of these options is most closely related to the mouse?
- A. lizard
- B. lamprey
- C. frog
- D. shark
Question 5
Assuming the genes are on different chromosomes, how many different kinds of gamete can an organism with genotype AaBb make?
Answer
Question 6
A sample has 21 % A, 29 % T, 25 % C and 25 % G. What does this suggest?
- A. It must be RNA because it contains T
- B. It is normal double-stranded DNA
- C. The measurements prove an error in all DNA
- D. It is likely single-stranded DNA, because A ≠T
Question 7
Membranes: which statement is true?
- A. The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with proteins in it.
- B. Phospholipid tails are attracted to water.
- C. Large proteins pass through the membrane by simple diffusion.
- D. Facilitated diffusion moves substances against their gradient.
Question 8
In a population, 36 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 9
A double-stranded DNA fragment has 1000 bases in total. 300 of them are cytosine. How many are adenine?
Answer
Question 10
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.2. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
Question 11
Why can oxygen cross the membrane easily but glucose needs a protein?
- A. Glucose is a gas
- B. Glucose dissolves in fat
- C. Oxygen is too big for proteins
- D. Oxygen is small and non-polar; glucose is larger and polar
Question 12
Modern classification groups organisms into three domains. Which list is correct?
- A. Prokaryotes, Protists, Viruses
- B. Plants, Animals, Fungi
- C. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
- D. Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Plants
Question 13
Two pea plants, both RrYy (round, yellow seeds), are crossed. They produce 48 seeds. How many would you expect to be round and yellow (both dominant traits)?
Answer
Question 14
In p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does p² represent?
- A. the frequency of recessive individuals
- B. the frequency of carriers
- C. the frequency of the dominant allele
- D. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
Question 15
A cladogram branches in this order: lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. New traits: jaws appears before the shark branch; four limbs appears before the frog branch; amniotic egg appears before the lizard branch; hair appears before the mouse branch. Does the shark have hair?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 16
In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 22 % of the bases are adenine (A). What percentage are guanine (G)?
Answer%
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