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Allele frequencies with the Hardy–Weinberg equations

12th grade (Year 13 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS4-3, NGSS.SEP 5 · England: A level Biology: Populations and evolution (extension)

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1
Question 1
In p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does p² represent?
- A. the frequency of recessive individuals
- B. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
- C. the frequency of carriers
- D. the frequency of the dominant allele
Question 2
In a population, 1 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 3
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.1. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
4
Question 4
Which condition is NOT needed for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium?
- A. a very large population
- B. strong natural selection on the gene
- C. no migration in or out
- D. random mating
Question 5
In a population, 36 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 6
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.2. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
7
Question 7
Why can recessive alleles for harmful conditions stay in a population for many generations?
- A. They mutate back every generation
- B. Recessive alleles cannot be inherited
- C. Most copies are hidden in healthy heterozygous carriers
- D. Natural selection always favours them
Question 8
In a population, 25 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 9
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.1. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
10
Question 10
Allele frequencies in a population change over generations. What does this show?
- A. No mutations ever happen
- B. The population is evolving
- C. The population is extinct
- D. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Question 11
In a population, 9 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 12
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.1. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
13
Question 13
Why can recessive alleles for harmful conditions stay in a population for many generations?
- A. Most copies are hidden in healthy heterozygous carriers
- B. They mutate back every generation
- C. Recessive alleles cannot be inherited
- D. Natural selection always favours them
Question 14
In a population, 9 % of individuals show a recessive phenotype (aa). Assuming Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, what is the frequency of the recessive allele, q?
Answer
Question 15
The frequency of a recessive allele in a population is q = 0.2. What percentage of the population are expected to be heterozygous carriers (2pq)?
Answer%
16
Question 16
In p² + 2pq + q² = 1, what does p² represent?
- A. the frequency of the dominant allele
- B. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
- C. the frequency of carriers
- D. the frequency of recessive individuals

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Answer key: Allele frequencies with the Hardy–Weinberg equations

1. B. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
2. 0.1
3. 18 %
4. B. strong natural selection on the gene
5. 0.6
6. 32 %
7. C. Most copies are hidden in healthy heterozygous carriers
8. 0.5
9. 18 %
10. B. The population is evolving
11. 0.3
12. 18 %
13. A. Most copies are hidden in healthy heterozygous carriers
14. 0.3
15. 32 %
16. B. the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals