Read cladograms and shared derived traits
12th grade (Year 13 in England) · 16 questions · Common Core: NGSS.HS-LS4-1, NGSS.SEP 4 · England: GCSE Biology: Classification (evolutionary trees)
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Question 1
On a cladogram, what does each node (branch point) represent?
- A. a species alive today
- B. an extinction
- C. a fossil site
- D. a common ancestor
Question 2
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): moss, fern, pine, sunflower. Which of these options is most closely related to the fern?
- A. moss
- B. sunflower
Question 3
A cladogram branches in this order: lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. New traits: jaws appears before the shark branch; four limbs appears before the frog branch; amniotic egg appears before the lizard branch; hair appears before the mouse branch. Does the shark have jaws?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 4
Which evidence is now used most to build evolutionary trees?
- A. comparing colours
- B. comparing where animals live
- C. comparing DNA and protein sequences
- D. comparing body size only
Question 5
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. Which of these options is most closely related to the lizard?
- A. frog
- B. shark
- C. mouse
- D. lamprey
Question 6
A cladogram branches in this order: moss, fern, pine, sunflower. New traits: vascular tissue appears before the fern branch; seeds appears before the pine branch; flowers appears before the sunflower branch. Does the fern have vascular tissue?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 7
On a cladogram, what does each node (branch point) represent?
- A. a common ancestor
- B. an extinction
- C. a species alive today
- D. a fossil site
Question 8
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): moss, fern, pine, sunflower. Which of these options is most closely related to the sunflower?
- A. pine
- B. moss
- C. fern
Question 9
A cladogram branches in this order: moss, fern, pine, sunflower. New traits: vascular tissue appears before the fern branch; seeds appears before the pine branch; flowers appears before the sunflower branch. Does the pine have vascular tissue?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 10
On a cladogram, what does each node (branch point) represent?
- A. a fossil site
- B. a common ancestor
- C. a species alive today
- D. an extinction
Question 11
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. Which of these options is most closely related to the shark?
- A. lamprey
- B. mouse
Question 12
A cladogram branches in this order: moss, fern, pine, sunflower. New traits: vascular tissue appears before the fern branch; seeds appears before the pine branch; flowers appears before the sunflower branch. Does the fern have flowers?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 13
On a cladogram, what does each node (branch point) represent?
- A. a fossil site
- B. a common ancestor
- C. a species alive today
- D. an extinction
Question 14
A cladogram branches in this order (first branch = most distantly related): lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. Which of these options is most closely related to the frog?
- A. lamprey
- B. mouse
- C. shark
Question 15
A cladogram branches in this order: lamprey, shark, frog, lizard, mouse. New traits: jaws appears before the shark branch; four limbs appears before the frog branch; amniotic egg appears before the lizard branch; hair appears before the mouse branch. Does the mouse have four limbs?
- A. yes
- B. no
Question 16
Modern classification groups organisms into three domains. Which list is correct?
- A. Prokaryotes, Protists, Viruses
- B. Plants, Animals, Fungi
- C. Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Plants
- D. Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
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