Rhetorical synthesis (SAT)

Writing & Editing

CCSS W.11-12.2.BCCSS W.11-12.8England: SAT Reading and Writing (Rhetorical Synthesis)

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Rhetorical synthesis (SAT).

I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
I can explain each step and say why it works.
I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Adding, deleting and revising for purpose; Command of evidence (SAT/ACT)

Leads to: the next skill in this area.

Materials: A model text, Planning frame, Checklists for editing, Mini whiteboards, A short model text on the board, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 6 min

Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Adding, deleting and revising for purpose; Command of evidence (SAT/ACT)). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

An essay about the invention of the telephone includes the sentence: "Many people today prefer texting to calling." Should this sentence be deleted? (No, because it is the essay's main claim. / No, because it explains how the telephone works. / Yes, because it is grammatically incorrect. / Yes, because it shifts away from the invention of the telephone.) → Yes, because it shifts away from the invention of the telephone.Prompt: What is the paragraph's main focus or the writer's stated goal?
A student claims that the poet viewed nature as indifferent to human concerns. A: "The river ran on, not caring whose names were carved upon its banks." B: "The meadow welcomed us with open arms." C: "We picnicked by the gentle stream." D: "The birds sang just for me." Which quotation most effectively illustrates the claim? (A / B / C / D) → APrompt: First decide what the answer to the question is.
A paragraph explains how coral reefs protect coastlines from storms. The writer considers adding: "Coral comes in many beautiful colours." Should the writer add this sentence? (Yes, because it explains how storms form. / No, because it does not relate to how reefs protect coastlines. / No, because it repeats information already given. / Yes, because it adds descriptive detail about coral.) → No, because it does not relate to how reefs protect coastlines.Prompt: What is the paragraph's main focus or the writer's stated goal?

Hook · 6 min

Show two openings to the same piece of writing and ask which makes them want to read on.
Share the objective: Rhetorical synthesis (SAT). Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 12 min

Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
Example: Notes: • In 2010, Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes. • By 2020, it had 85 km. • Over the same period, the number of daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000. The student wants to present a possible link between infrastructure and cycling. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
Step 1: The right answer both uses accurate information from the notes and fulfils the stated goal.
Step 2: So the answer is: As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.
Answer: As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.
Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 12 min

Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

Notes: • In 2010, Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes. • By 2020, it had 85 km. • Over the same period, the number of daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000. The student wants to present a possible link between infrastructure and cycling. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal? (As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000. / By 2020, Riverton had 85 km of bike lanes. / Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes in 2010. / Cycling is a popular activity in many towns, including Riverton.) → As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.Prompt: Reread the student's goal. What exactly must the sentence do?
Notes: • The Great Wall of China is over 21,000 km long. • Construction took place over many centuries. • Hadrian's Wall in Britain is about 117 km long. • It was built in about six years. The student wants to emphasise a difference in length between the two walls. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal? (At over 21,000 km, the Great Wall of China dwarfs Hadrian's Wall, which is only about 117 km long. / The Great Wall was constructed over many centuries. / Both the Great Wall of China and Hadrian's Wall were built long ago. / Hadrian's Wall took about six years to build.) → At over 21,000 km, the Great Wall of China dwarfs Hadrian's Wall, which is only about 117 km long.Prompt: Reread the student's goal. What exactly must the sentence do?

You do: independent practice · 17 min

Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 5 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 7 min

Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

Notes: • In 2010, Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes. • By 2020, it had 85 km. • Over the same period, the number of daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000. The student wants to present a possible link between infrastructure and cycling. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal? (Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes in 2010. / By 2020, Riverton had 85 km of bike lanes. / Cycling is a popular activity in many towns, including Riverton. / As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.) → As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.Prompt: Reread the student's goal. What exactly must the sentence do?
Notes: • Axolotls are salamanders native to lakes near Mexico City. • They can regrow lost limbs, parts of their heart and even parts of their brain. • Scientists study them to learn about tissue regeneration. The student wants to explain why scientists are interested in axolotls. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal? (Axolotls live in lakes, and scientists live in cities. / Axolotls are salamanders native to lakes near Mexico City. / Because axolotls can regrow limbs and even parts of their brain, scientists study them to understand tissue regeneration. / Many animals, including axolotls, are salamanders.) → Because axolotls can regrow limbs and even parts of their brain, scientists study them to understand tissue regeneration.Prompt: Reread the student's goal. What exactly must the sentence do?

Watch out for

Writing everything at once without planning.
Editing only spelling and not whether the writing makes sense.

Support and stretch

Support

Review first: Adding, deleting and revising for purpose.
Use concrete materials: a model text.
Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-11.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Rhetorical synthesis (SAT)

Name

Date

Score/ 5

1
Question 1
Notes: • The Great Wall of China is over 21,000 km long. • Construction took place over many centuries. • Hadrian's Wall in Britain is about 117 km long. • It was built in about six years. The student wants to emphasise a difference in length between the two walls. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. Both the Great Wall of China and Hadrian's Wall were built long ago.
- B. At over 21,000 km, the Great Wall of China dwarfs Hadrian's Wall, which is only about 117 km long.
- C. Hadrian's Wall took about six years to build.
- D. The Great Wall was constructed over many centuries.
2
Question 2
Notes: • In 2010, Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes. • By 2020, it had 85 km. • Over the same period, the number of daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000. The student wants to present a possible link between infrastructure and cycling. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. By 2020, Riverton had 85 km of bike lanes.
- B. Cycling is a popular activity in many towns, including Riverton.
- C. As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.
- D. Riverton had 12 km of bike lanes in 2010.
3
Question 3
Notes: • Mary Anning (1799–1847) was a fossil collector in Lyme Regis, England. • She discovered the first correctly identified ichthyosaur skeleton. • As a woman, she was not allowed to join the Geological Society of London. The student wants to highlight the obstacles Anning faced. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. Mary Anning lived in Lyme Regis from 1799 to 1847.
- B. Despite her important discoveries, Mary Anning was barred from the Geological Society of London because she was a woman.
- C. Lyme Regis is in England and is known for fossils.
- D. Mary Anning discovered the first correctly identified ichthyosaur skeleton.
4
Question 4
Notes: • Axolotls are salamanders native to lakes near Mexico City. • They can regrow lost limbs, parts of their heart and even parts of their brain. • Scientists study them to learn about tissue regeneration. The student wants to explain why scientists are interested in axolotls. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. Many animals, including axolotls, are salamanders.
- B. Because axolotls can regrow limbs and even parts of their brain, scientists study them to understand tissue regeneration.
- C. Axolotls live in lakes, and scientists live in cities.
- D. Axolotls are salamanders native to lakes near Mexico City.
5
Question 5
Notes: • The novel was published in 1962. • It is set in a small coastal town. • It has been translated into 30 languages. • Critics praise its portrayal of grief. The student wants to introduce the novel to an audience unfamiliar with it. Which choice most effectively uses the notes to accomplish this goal?
- A. The novel has been translated into 30 languages.
- B. Critics praise the novel's portrayal of grief.
- C. Small coastal towns appear in many novels.
- D. Published in 1962 and translated into 30 languages, this novel set in a small coastal town is praised for its portrayal of grief.

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Answer key: Rhetorical synthesis (SAT)

1. B. At over 21,000 km, the Great Wall of China dwarfs Hadrian's Wall, which is only about 117 km long.
2. C. As Riverton's bike lanes grew from 12 km to 85 km between 2010 and 2020, daily cycling trips rose from 2,000 to 11,000.
3. B. Despite her important discoveries, Mary Anning was barred from the Geological Society of London because she was a woman.
4. B. Because axolotls can regrow limbs and even parts of their brain, scientists study them to understand tissue regeneration.
5. D. Published in 1962 and translated into 30 languages, this novel set in a small coastal town is praised for its portrayal of grief.