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English lesson plan · 2nd grade (Year 3 in England) · 60 minutes

Cause and effect: why did it happen?

Reading Comprehension

CCSS RI.2.3CCSS RL.2.3England: Y2 ReadingEngland: KS1 SATs Reading

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Cause and effect: why did it happen?.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Key details

Leads to: Cause and effect in texts: since, as a result, therefore

Materials: A short text or extract (one copy each), Highlighters, Question cards, Mini whiteboards, A short model text on the board, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 6 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Key details). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Penguins are birds, but they cannot fly. They use their wings to swim. What do penguins use their wings for? (to dig / to swim / to fly / to eat) → to swimPrompt: Find the part of the text that talks about this.
  2. The fire truck is red. It has a long ladder and a hose for water. What does the fire truck have? (a sail / a bell tower / wings / a long ladder) → a long ladderPrompt: Find the part of the text that talks about this.
  3. Ducks have webbed feet. The skin between their toes helps them paddle. What helps ducks paddle? (their tails / their beaks / their feathers / the skin between their toes) → the skin between their toesPrompt: Find the part of the text that talks about this.

Hook · 6 min

  • Read the first lines of a short text aloud and ask what students predict will happen and why.
  • Share the objective: Cause and effect: why did it happen?. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 12 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: The library got lots of new books, so more children started visiting after school. What happened because the library got new books?
  • Step 1: Find the event, then look for what made it happen (cause) or what it led to (effect).
  • Step 2: So the answer is: More children visited.
  • Answer: More children visited.
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 12 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. It snowed heavily overnight. The next morning, the roads were closed and school was cancelled. Why was school cancelled? (The teacher was ill. / It snowed heavily. / It was a holiday. / The bus broke down.) → It snowed heavily.Prompt: A cause is WHY something happens. An effect is WHAT happens.
  2. Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. The alarm didn't ring, ___ I woke up late. (but / because / or / so) → soPrompt: A cause is WHY something happens. An effect is WHAT happens.

You do: independent practice · 17 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 7 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. We stayed inside ___ it was storming. (or / so / because / and) → becausePrompt: A cause is WHY something happens. An effect is WHAT happens.
  2. The lake froze over during the cold night, so the ducks walked on the ice. Why did the ducks walk on the ice? (They wanted bread. / The water was too warm. / The lake froze over. / They were tired of swimming.) → The lake froze over.Prompt: A cause is WHY something happens. An effect is WHAT happens.

Watch out for

  • Answering from memory or opinion instead of evidence in the text.
  • Copying a long quote without explaining what it shows.

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Key details.
  • Use concrete materials: a short text or extract (one copy each).
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Cause and effect in texts: since, as a result, therefore.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-2.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

eurekami

Cause and effect: why did it happen?

Name

Date

Score/ 8

  1. Question 1

    Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. The ice melted ___ the sun was hot.

    • A. but
    • B. so
    • C. or
    • D. because

  2. Question 2

    The library got lots of new books, so more children started visiting after school. What happened because the library got new books?

    • A. More children visited.
    • B. Children stopped reading.
    • C. The books were lost.
    • D. The library closed.

  3. Question 3

    Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. The dog was muddy, ___ we gave it a bath.

    • A. or
    • B. because
    • C. but
    • D. so

  4. Question 4

    Nina's tablet ran out of battery because she left it on all night. Why did the tablet run out of battery?

    • A. It got wet.
    • B. She left it on all night.
    • C. Her brother used it.
    • D. It was broken.

  5. Question 5

    Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. The alarm didn't ring, ___ I woke up late.

    • A. because
    • B. so
    • C. but
    • D. or

  6. Question 6

    Because the school bus had a flat tyre, everyone arrived late. Why did everyone arrive late?

    • A. School started early.
    • B. It was raining.
    • C. The bus had a flat tyre.
    • D. They overslept.

  7. Question 7

    Jada forgot to water her sunflower for two weeks, so its leaves went brown and droopy. Why did the leaves go brown?

    • A. It got too much water.
    • B. It was too sunny.
    • C. Jada forgot to water it.
    • D. A rabbit ate it.

  8. Question 8

    Choose the word that links the cause and the effect. We stayed inside ___ it was storming.

    • A. so
    • B. and
    • C. because
    • D. or

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Answer key: Cause and effect: why did it happen?

  1. 1. D. because

  2. 2. A. More children visited.

  3. 3. D. so

  4. 4. B. She left it on all night.

  5. 5. B. so

  6. 6. C. The bus had a flat tyre.

  7. 7. C. Jada forgot to water it.

  8. 8. C. because