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English lesson plan · 4th grade (Year 5 in England) · 60 minutes

Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

Writing & Editing

CCSS W.4.2.CCCSS W.4.1.CEngland: Y4 Writing (cohesion)England: Y5 GPS (cohesive devices)

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore

Leads to: Hook your reader: choose the strongest opening; Transitions for contrast and examples: however, for instance, similarly

Materials: A model text, Planning frame, Checklists for editing, Mini whiteboards, A short model text on the board, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 6 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Choose the linking word or phrase that fits best. Plastic straws can harm sea animals. ___, many cafés now use paper straws. (Although / Because / For example / As a result) → As a resultPrompt: What does the second part do: give a reason, an example, a result, or another point?
  2. We stayed in because it was stormy. What job does "because" do? (gives a reason / gives an example / shows a result / adds another point) → gives a reasonPrompt: Read what comes after the linking words.
  3. Choose the linking word or phrase that fits best. Some animals sleep through the winter. ___, hedgehogs hibernate in the coldest months. (Because / Although / Therefore / For example) → For examplePrompt: What does the second part do: give a reason, an example, a result, or another point?

Hook · 6 min

  • Show two openings to the same piece of writing and ask which makes them want to read on.
  • Share the objective: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 12 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Cycling keeps you fit. ___, it is a cheap way to travel.
  • Step 1: Linking phrases guide the reader from one idea to the next.
  • Step 2: Put it back into the sentence and read it aloud: "Cycling keeps you fit. In addition, it is a cheap way to travel."
  • Step 3: So the answer is: In addition
  • Answer: In addition
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 12 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Penguins are flightless. ___, they cannot fly. (Consequently / For example / Furthermore / In other words) → In other wordsPrompt: Read both sentences. What does the second one do?
  2. Some materials are magnetic, for example iron and nickel. What job does "for example" do? (adds another point / gives an example / shows a result / explains in other words) → gives an examplePrompt: Read what comes straight after the linking phrase.

You do: independent practice · 17 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 7 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Choose the linking phrase that fits best. The library extended its opening hours. ___, more families visited in the evening. (For example / In other words / Furthermore / Consequently) → ConsequentlyPrompt: Read both sentences. What does the second one do?
  2. Vegetables are good for you. In addition, they are tasty in soups. What job does "In addition" do? (adds another point / gives an example / shows a result / explains in other words) → adds another pointPrompt: Read what comes straight after the linking phrase.

Watch out for

  • Writing everything at once without planning.
  • Editing only spelling and not whether the writing makes sense.

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore.
  • Use concrete materials: a model text.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Hook your reader: choose the strongest opening; Transitions for contrast and examples: however, for instance, similarly.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-4.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

eurekami

Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

Name

Date

Score/ 8

  1. Question 1

    The battery ran out. Because of this, the robot stopped moving. What job does "Because of this" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  2. Question 2

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Many animals use camouflage. ___, a stick insect looks just like a twig.

    • A. In other words
    • B. For example
    • C. Furthermore
    • D. Consequently

  3. Question 3

    Some birds migrate. For instance, swallows fly to Africa for the winter. What job does "For instance" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  4. Question 4

    Our team trained every day. Moreover, we practised at weekends. What job does "Moreover" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  5. Question 5

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. The river flooded the fields. ___, the farmers could not plant their crops.

    • A. In other words
    • B. As a result
    • C. In addition
    • D. For instance

  6. Question 6

    Bats are mammals. Furthermore, they are the only mammals that can truly fly. What job does "Furthermore" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  7. Question 7

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Cycling keeps you fit. ___, it is a cheap way to travel.

    • A. In addition
    • B. In other words
    • C. As a result
    • D. For instance

  8. Question 8

    Vegetables are good for you. In addition, they are tasty in soups. What job does "In addition" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

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Answer key: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

  1. 1. C. shows a result

  2. 2. B. For example

  3. 3. B. gives an example

  4. 4. A. adds another point

  5. 5. B. As a result

  6. 6. A. adds another point

  7. 7. A. In addition

  8. 8. A. adds another point