Science lesson plan · 8th grade (Year 9 in England) · 45 minutes
Conservation of energy and wasted energy
Energy
CCSS NGSS.MS-PS3-5CCSS NGSS.HS-PS3-1England: KS3 Physics: Energy (changes in systems)England: KS4 Combined Science: Energy
Objective and success criteria
Students will: Conservation of energy and wasted energy.
- I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
- I can explain each step and say why it works.
- I can check my answer and spot a mistake.
Before and after
Needs first: How devices transfer energy
Leads to: Kinetic and gravitational potential energy; Efficiency; Use energy conservation to find speeds and heights
Materials: Wind-up toys or a pendulum, Energy transfer diagrams, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).
Warm-up · 5 min
- Quick retrieval from earlier learning (How devices transfer energy). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
- Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
- What is the main useful energy output of a loudspeaker? (light / sound / heating (thermal) / movement (kinetic)) → soundPrompt: What is the device for?
- Which energy is wasted by an old filament light bulb? (light / chemical energy / thermal energy (heat) / nuclear energy) → thermal energy (heat)Prompt: Touch an old bulb that has been on (carefully!).
- Which device is mainly designed to give out heating (thermal)? (an electric kettle / a traffic light / an electric toy car / a torch (flashlight)) → an electric kettlePrompt: Think about what you use each device for.
Hook · 5 min
- Wind up a toy or stretch an elastic band and ask where the energy goes.
- Share the objective: Conservation of energy and wasted energy. Read the success criteria together.
I do: model it · 10 min
- Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
- Example: A speaker is supplied with 200 J of energy. It transfers 80 J usefully. How much energy is wasted, in J?
- Step 1: 200 − 80 = 120
- Step 2: So the answer is: 120 J
- Answer: 120 J
- Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.
We do: guided practice · 10 min
- Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
- Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
- A lamp is supplied with 100 J of energy. It transfers 75 J usefully. How much energy is wasted, in J? → 25 JPrompt: Energy is conserved: input = useful output + wasted output.
- A ball is dropped and each bounce is lower. Where did the energy go? (Gravity took it / It was destroyed / It was transferred to the surroundings as heat and sound / It went into the ball's mass) → It was transferred to the surroundings as heat and soundPrompt: Energy is never destroyed.
You do: independent practice · 10 min
- Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
- Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.
The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.
Exit ticket · 5 min
- Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
- How can wasted energy in a machine with moving parts be reduced? (paint it a darker colour / remove the oil / make it move faster / lubricate the parts to reduce friction) → lubricate the parts to reduce frictionPrompt: What causes heating where parts rub?
- Conservation of energy: which statement is NOT true? (No real machine is 100% efficient. / The total energy in a closed system stays the same. / Wasted energy is often transferred to the surroundings by heating. / Energy is used up and disappears.) → Energy is used up and disappears.Prompt: Can energy ever be created or destroyed?
Watch out for
- Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
- Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"
Support and stretch
Support
- Review first: How devices transfer energy.
- Use concrete materials: wind-up toys or a pendulum.
- Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
- Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.
Stretch
- Move on to: Kinetic and gravitational potential energy; Efficiency; Use energy conservation to find speeds and heights.
- Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
- Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.
Homework and more practice
Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-8.
Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder