• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Reactants, products and word equations). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. Complete the word equation: iron + oxygen → ___ (carbon dioxide / iron oxide / iron carbonate / iron chloride) → iron oxidePrompt: A metal reacting with oxygen makes a metal oxide.
2. Why does a candle under a glass jar go out? (The wax turns into water / The jar gets too heavy / Glass puts out flames / The oxygen inside is used up) → The oxygen inside is used upPrompt: What does burning use from the air?
3. Word equations: which statement is NOT true? (Burning metal makes it lighter because mass is lost. / Thermal decomposition breaks a substance down using heat. / Reactants are written on the left of the arrow. / Combustion is a reaction with oxygen.) → Burning metal makes it lighter because mass is lost.Prompt: Which side of the arrow is which?

• Drop an antacid tablet in water (or show a clip) and ask whether a new substance is being made.
• Share the objective: Exothermic and endothermic reactions. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: Is this exothermic or endothermic: thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
• Step 1: Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings, so the temperature falls.
• Step 2: So the answer is: endothermic
• Answer: endothermic
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. Is this exothermic or endothermic: burning methane? (exothermic / endothermic) → exothermicPrompt: Does it give out heat or take heat in?
2. The temperature of a reaction mixture changes from 19 °C to 30 °C. What is the temperature change? (Use a minus sign for a fall.) → 11 °CPrompt: Change = final temperature − starting temperature.

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 8 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. A self-heating can of coffee uses which kind of reaction? (exothermic / nuclear / photosynthesis / endothermic) → exothermicPrompt: It needs to warm the drink.
2. The temperature of a reaction mixture changes from 22 °C to 38 °C. What is the temperature change? (Use a minus sign for a fall.) → 16 °CPrompt: Change = final temperature − starting temperature.

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-8.