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Science lesson plan · 9th grade (Year 10 in England) · 30 minutes

Build ionic formulae from ion charges

Atoms, elements and the periodic table

CCSS NGSS.HS-PS1-2England: GCSE Combined Science: Bonding, structure and the properties of matter

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Build ionic formulae from ion charges.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Predict ion charges from the periodic table; Chemical formulae

Leads to: Predict the products of electrolysis

Materials: Periodic tables, Atom model kits, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 4 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Predict ion charges from the periodic table; Chemical formulae). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Phosphorus (P) is in group 15 (5). What charge does its ion have? (2− / 1+ / 3+ / 3−) → 3−Prompt: Metals lose their outer electrons; non-metals gain electrons to fill their outer shell.
  2. How many atoms in total are in one molecule (formula unit) of sodium chloride, NaCl? → 2Prompt: A small number after a symbol tells you how many of that atom.
  3. An atom of oxygen (atomic number 8) forms its usual ion (charge 2−). How many electrons does the ion have? → 10Prompt: A neutral atom has as many electrons as protons.

Hook · 3 min

  • Show the periodic table and ask what patterns students can see before anything is explained.
  • Share the objective: Build ionic formulae from ion charges. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 7 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: What is the formula of potassium sulfate? (Ions: K⁺ and SO₄²⁻)
  • Step 1: 2 × (+1) and 1 × (−2) give zero overall charge.
  • Step 2: So the answer is: K₂SO₄
  • Answer: K₂SO₄
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 6 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. What is the formula of calcium chloride? (Ions: Ca²⁺ and Cl⁻) (CaCl₂ / CaCl / Ca₂Cl₂ / CaCl₃) → CaCl₂Prompt: The total positive charge must equal the total negative charge.
  2. In CaO (calcium oxide), how many oxide ions are there for each formula unit? → 1Prompt: Look at the small number after the symbol or bracket.

You do: independent practice · 7 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 3 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. What is the formula of aluminium chloride? (Ions: Al³⁺ and Cl⁻) (Al₃Cl / AlCl₃ / AlCl₄ / Al₂Cl₃) → AlCl₃Prompt: The total positive charge must equal the total negative charge.
  2. Which compound contains an ion made of more than one atom? (magnesium oxide / potassium nitrate / sodium bromide / potassium chloride) → potassium nitratePrompt: Look for a name ending in "-ate".

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Predict ion charges from the periodic table.
  • Use concrete materials: periodic tables.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Predict the products of electrolysis.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-9.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Build ionic formulae from ion charges

Name

Date

Score/ 6

  1. Question 1

    What is the formula of aluminium oxide? (Ions: Al³⁺ and O²⁻)

    • A. AlO
    • B. Al₂O₄
    • C. Al₃O₃
    • D. Al₂O₃

  2. Question 2

    In CaCO₃ (calcium carbonate), how many carbonate ions are there for each formula unit?

    Answer

  3. Question 3

    What is the overall charge of any ionic compound?

    • A. the charge of the metal ion
    • B. always positive
    • C. always negative
    • D. zero

  4. Question 4

    What is the formula of potassium carbonate? (Ions: K⁺ and CO₃²⁻)

    • A. K₂(CO₃)₂
    • B. K₃CO₃
    • C. KCO₃
    • D. K₂CO₃

  5. Question 5

    In Na₂O (sodium oxide), how many oxide ions are there for each formula unit?

    Answer

  6. Question 6

    Which compound contains an ion made of more than one atom?

    • A. potassium nitrate
    • B. potassium chloride
    • C. magnesium oxide
    • D. sodium bromide

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Answer key: Build ionic formulae from ion charges

  1. 1. D. Al₂O₃

  2. 2. 1

  3. 3. D. zero

  4. 4. D. K₂CO₃

  5. 5. 1

  6. 6. A. potassium nitrate