• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Day and night). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. When it is daytime in the UK, it is night-time in… (Spain / New Zealand / France / Ireland) → New ZealandPrompt: Which place is on the opposite side of the world?
2. The Sun rises at 06:00 and sets at 18:00. How many hours of daylight are there? Give your answer in hours as a decimal (e.g. 12.5). → 12 hPrompt: Count the whole hours first, then the extra minutes.
3. Day and night: which statement is NOT true? (Day and night happen because the Earth orbits the Sun. / It is always daytime somewhere on Earth. / The Earth rotates once about every 24 hours. / Shadows change length and direction during the day.) → Day and night happen because the Earth orbits the Sun.Prompt: Rotation and orbit are different movements.

• Ask why we see the Moon change shape over a month.
• Share the objective: The Moon and its phases. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: Among the phases of the Moon, starting from new moon, which comes straight after "waxing gibbous"?
• Step 1: new moon → waxing crescent → first quarter → waxing gibbous → full moon → waning gibbous → last quarter → waning crescent
• Step 2: So the answer is: full moon
• Answer: full moon
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. Among the main phases of the Moon, which comes straight after "first quarter"? (last quarter / new moon / full moon) → full moonPrompt: Is the lit part getting bigger or smaller at this stage?
2. What does the Moon orbit? (Mars / the Earth / the Sun only / nothing) → the EarthPrompt: Each lap of its orbit takes about 27 days.

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. Among the main phases of the Moon, which comes straight after "new moon"? (last quarter / full moon / first quarter) → first quarterPrompt: Is the lit part getting bigger or smaller at this stage?
2. Why does the Moon seem to change shape during the month? (Earth's shadow covers it / We see different amounts of its sunlit half as it orbits Earth / Clouds hide part of it / The Moon really changes shape) → We see different amounts of its sunlit half as it orbits EarthPrompt: Half of the Moon is always lit by the Sun.

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-5.