• Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Reactants, products and word equations). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
• Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

1. Complete the word equation: calcium + oxygen → ___ (carbon dioxide / calcium oxide / calcium carbonate / calcium chloride) → calcium oxidePrompt: A metal reacting with oxygen makes a metal oxide.
2. What is needed for fuels to burn? (carbon dioxide / water and light / oxygen and enough heat / nitrogen only) → oxygen and enough heatPrompt: Think of the fire triangle: fuel, heat and…
3. Word equations: which statement is NOT true? (Reactants are written on the left of the arrow. / Incomplete combustion can produce carbon monoxide, a poisonous gas. / Products are the substances you start with. / Combustion is a reaction with oxygen.) → Products are the substances you start with.Prompt: Which side of the arrow is which?

• Drop an antacid tablet in water (or show a clip) and ask whether a new substance is being made.
• Share the objective: Exothermic and endothermic reactions. Read the success criteria together.

• Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
• Example: Is this exothermic or endothermic: thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate?
• Step 1: Endothermic reactions take in energy from the surroundings, so the temperature falls.
• Step 2: So the answer is: endothermic
• Answer: endothermic
• Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

• Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
• Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

1. Is this exothermic or endothermic: neutralising an acid with an alkali? (exothermic / endothermic) → exothermicPrompt: Does it give out heat or take heat in?
2. The temperature of a reaction mixture changes from 20 °C to 36 °C. What is the temperature change? (Use a minus sign for a fall.) → 16 °CPrompt: Change = final temperature − starting temperature.

• Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
• Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

• Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

1. What is activation energy? (the energy of light / the minimum energy particles need to react when they collide / the energy in a battery / the energy given out by a reaction) → the minimum energy particles need to react when they collidePrompt: Why does a match need to be struck before it burns?
2. The temperature of a reaction mixture changes from 22 °C to 26 °C. What is the temperature change? (Use a minus sign for a fall.) → 4 °CPrompt: Change = final temperature − starting temperature.

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-8.