What does the symbol represent?

Reading Comprehension

CCSS RL.8.2CCSS RL.8.4England: KS3 Reading (symbolism)England: GCSE English Literature

Objective and success criteria

Students will: What does the symbol represent?.

I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
I can explain each step and say why it works.
I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Theme; Literal or figurative meaning?

Leads to: Theme statements versus topics

Materials: A short text or extract (one copy each), Highlighters, Question cards, Mini whiteboards, A short model text on the board, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 4 min

Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Theme; Literal or figurative meaning?). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.

Is the phrase in capitals used literally or figuratively? The baby CRAWLED across the rug. (literal / figurative) → literalPrompt: Could this really, physically happen as written?
Nadia wanted to win the art prize so badly that she copied another girl's idea. She won, but every time she looked at the trophy, she felt sick inside. What is the theme? (Trophies are shiny. / Art is difficult. / Always enter competitions. / Winning dishonestly does not bring real happiness.) → Winning dishonestly does not bring real happiness.Prompt: What big idea about life does the text explore?
Is the phrase in capitals used literally or figuratively? The ring was made of GOLD. (literal / figurative) → literalPrompt: Could this really, physically happen as written?

Hook · 3 min

Read the first lines of a short text aloud and ask what students predict will happen and why.
Share the objective: What does the symbol represent?. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 7 min

Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
Example: Read the question and choose. In the story, the lights of the city go out one by one as the old cinema closes forever. What do the fading lights most likely symbolise?
Step 1: Writers use symbols (objects, places, weather, colours) to represent ideas such as freedom, hope or guilt.
Step 2: So the answer is: the end of an era
Answer: the end of an era
Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 6 min

Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.

Is the proposed answer correct? After the family argument, a vase that belonged to Grandma lies broken on the floor. What does the broken vase most likely symbolise? → the family's love of flowers (yes, it is correct / no, it is not correct) → no, it is not correctPrompt: A symbol is an object that stands for a bigger idea.
Read the question and choose. In the story, the lights of the city go out one by one as the old cinema closes forever. What do the fading lights most likely symbolise? (bedtime / an electrical fault / the end of an era / a celebration) → the end of an eraPrompt: A symbol is an object that stands for a bigger idea.

You do: independent practice · 7 min

Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 3 min

Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.

Is the proposed answer correct? Each time Leo lies to his friends, the storm outside grows stronger. What does the storm most likely symbolise? → the end of summer (yes, it is correct / no, it is not correct) → no, it is not correctPrompt: A symbol is an object that stands for a bigger idea.
Read the question and choose. In a story about two rival villages, a bridge between them is rebuilt in the final chapter. What does the bridge most likely symbolise? (better roads for traffic / the river's danger / reconciliation between the villages / the villages' wealth) → reconciliation between the villagesPrompt: A symbol is an object that stands for a bigger idea.

Watch out for

Answering from memory or opinion instead of evidence in the text.
Copying a long quote without explaining what it shows.

Support and stretch

Support

Review first: Theme.
Use concrete materials: a short text or extract (one copy each).
Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

Move on to: Theme statements versus topics.
Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-8.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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What does the symbol represent?

Name

Date

Score/ 6

The Last Lap

Ruby had trained for the school relay every morning since September, running laps of the park while her breath made clouds in the cold air. She was the fastest in her class, and everyone expected her team to win. On the day of the race, the team's second runner, Theo, tripped on the bend and dropped the baton. By the time he scrambled up, two teams were far ahead. Ruby, waiting for the last leg, felt her heart sink. When the baton finally reached her, she ran harder than she ever had. She passed one runner. The finish line rushed towards her. The crowd was roaring. Then, a metre from the tape, the leader dipped her shoulder and won by a hand's width. Theo couldn't look at anyone. Ruby walked over, still panting, and held out the silver ribbon. "Second place," she said, "and that comeback was the best part of the whole race." Later, the team hung the ribbon on the classroom wall, right next to the first-place trophy from the year before. Somehow it seemed brighter.

1
Question 1
Read "The Last Lap". Why does the ribbon 'seem brighter' than the trophy?
- A. It is made of shiny material.
- B. It represents the team's effort and kindness, which feel more meaningful.
- C. The lights in the classroom are on it.
- D. It is bigger than the trophy.

2
Question 2
Is the proposed answer correct? Each time Leo lies to his friends, the storm outside grows stronger. What does the storm most likely symbolise? → the end of summer
- A. yes, it is correct
- B. no, it is not correct
3
Question 3
Read the question and choose. Each time Leo lies to his friends, the storm outside grows stronger. What does the storm most likely symbolise?
- A. the end of summer
- B. his love of nature
- C. the weather forecast
- D. his growing guilt and the trouble his lies are causing
4
Question 4
Is the proposed answer correct? In the story, the lights of the city go out one by one as the old cinema closes forever. What do the fading lights most likely symbolise? → the end of an era
- A. yes, it is correct
- B. no, it is not correct
5
Question 5
Read the question and choose. Throughout the story, a caged bird sings by the window of a girl who is not allowed to leave her house. What does the caged bird most likely symbolise?
- A. the family's wealth
- B. the girl's love of music
- C. the girl's lack of freedom
- D. the arrival of spring
6
Question 6
Read the question and choose. In the story, the lights of the city go out one by one as the old cinema closes forever. What do the fading lights most likely symbolise?
- A. the end of an era
- B. a celebration
- C. an electrical fault
- D. bedtime

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Answer key: What does the symbol represent?

1. B. It represents the team's effort and kindness, which feel more meaningful.
2. B. no, it is not correct
3. D. his growing guilt and the trouble his lies are causing
4. A. yes, it is correct
5. C. the girl's lack of freedom
6. A. the end of an era