Back to the lesson plan builder
Lesson length30 min45 min60 min
Questions🔀 New questions

Print the plan for yourself; the student sheet prints on its own page after it.

Science lesson plan · 5th grade (Year 6 in England) · 30 minutes

Independent, dependent and control variables

Working scientifically

CCSS NGSS.SEP 3CCSS NGSS.MS-PS2-2England: KS2 Y5–Y6 Working scientificallyEngland: KS3 Working scientifically

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Independent, dependent and control variables.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Planning a fair test

Leads to: Drawing conclusions from evidence; Evaluating experiments (research summaries)

Materials: Simple equipment for a fair test, Results table template, Mini whiteboards, A diagram or short video clip of the idea, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 4 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Planning a fair test). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Priya tests which surface a toy car rolls furthest on. What must she keep the same? (how far the car rolls / the height of the ramp / the type of surface / nothing) → the height of the rampPrompt: Only the surface should change.
  2. Omar tests how the length of a guitar string changes its note. He uses strings of different lengths. What else should stay the same? (nothing else matters / how tight and thick the strings are / the note he hears / the length of the strings) → how tight and thick the strings arePrompt: Tightness and thickness also change the note.
  3. Fair tests: which statement is true? (A fair test means everyone gets a turn. / You should change as many things as possible. / In a fair test you change only one thing. / One try is always enough.) → In a fair test you change only one thing.Prompt: Think about what makes a test fair.

Hook · 3 min

  • Show a simple experiment with one thing changed and ask what makes it a fair test.
  • Share the objective: Independent, dependent and control variables. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 7 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: Investigation: Does the surface area of a puddle affect how fast it evaporates? Which is the independent variable (the one you change)?
  • Step 1: Change: surface area of the water. Measure: time for the water to evaporate. Keep the same: volume of water, temperature of the room.
  • Step 2: So the answer is: surface area of the water
  • Answer: surface area of the water
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 6 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Investigation: Does the temperature of water affect how quickly sugar dissolves? Which is the independent variable (the one you change)? (number of cells / time for the sugar to dissolve / mass of sugar / water temperature) → water temperaturePrompt: Independent variable: the one you change. Dependent variable: the one you measure.
  2. Investigation: How does the height of a ramp affect how far a toy car travels? Which is the dependent variable (the one you measure)? (the same car / height of the ramp / distance the car travels / height of the cress) → distance the car travelsPrompt: Independent variable: the one you change. Dependent variable: the one you measure.

You do: independent practice · 7 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 3 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Investigation: Does the surface area of a puddle affect how fast it evaporates? Which is the dependent variable (the one you measure)? (surface area of the water / time for the water to evaporate / volume of water / height of the cress) → time for the water to evaporatePrompt: Independent variable: the one you change. Dependent variable: the one you measure.
  2. Investigation: How does exercise affect heart rate? Which is a control variable (one you keep the same)? (time to fall / minutes of exercise / type of exercise / heart rate (beats per minute)) → type of exercisePrompt: Independent variable: the one you change. Dependent variable: the one you measure.

Watch out for

  • Everyday meanings of words getting in the way of the science meaning: define key words explicitly.
  • Remembering facts without the reason: ask "why?" and "what is the evidence?"

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Planning a fair test.
  • Use concrete materials: simple equipment for a fair test.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Drawing conclusions from evidence; Evaluating experiments (research summaries).
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/science/grade-5.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

eurekami

Independent, dependent and control variables

Name

Date

Score/ 6

  1. Question 1

    Investigation: How does exercise affect heart rate? Which is a control variable (one you keep the same)?

    • A. type of exercise
    • B. heart rate (beats per minute)
    • C. time for the water to evaporate
    • D. minutes of exercise

  2. Question 2

    Investigation: How does exercise affect heart rate? Which is the dependent variable (the one you measure)?

    • A. type of exercise
    • B. time to fall
    • C. minutes of exercise
    • D. heart rate (beats per minute)

  3. Question 3

    Investigation: Does the surface area of a puddle affect how fast it evaporates? Which is the independent variable (the one you change)?

    • A. surface area of the water
    • B. time for the water to evaporate
    • C. size of the parachute
    • D. temperature of the room

  4. Question 4

    Investigation: How does the height of a ramp affect how far a toy car travels? Which is a control variable (one you keep the same)?

    • A. the same floor surface
    • B. distance the car travels
    • C. time for the water to evaporate
    • D. height of the ramp

  5. Question 5

    Investigation: How does the amount of light affect the growth of cress? Which is the dependent variable (the one you measure)?

    • A. amount of light
    • B. amount of water
    • C. brightness of the bulb
    • D. height of the cress

  6. Question 6

    Investigation: Does the surface area of a puddle affect how fast it evaporates? Which is the dependent variable (the one you measure)?

    • A. time for one swing
    • B. volume of water
    • C. time for the water to evaporate
    • D. surface area of the water

Free from eurekami.com

for the adult only

Answer key: Independent, dependent and control variables

  1. 1. A. type of exercise

  2. 2. D. heart rate (beats per minute)

  3. 3. A. surface area of the water

  4. 4. A. the same floor surface

  5. 5. D. height of the cress

  6. 6. C. time for the water to evaporate