Math lesson plan · 11th grade (Year 12 in England) · 30 minutes
Solve exponential equations using logarithms
Algebra
CCSS HSF.LE.A.4England: A-level Pure Mathematics
Objective and success criteria
Students will: Solve exponential equations using logarithms.
- I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
- I can explain each step and say why it works.
- I can check my answer and spot a mistake.
Before and after
Needs first: Combine logarithms into a single logarithm
Leads to: Solve equations with e and natural logarithms
Materials: Balance scales or a balance drawing, Algebra tiles, Function machine cards, Mini whiteboards and pens, Printed student sheet (below).
Warm-up · 4 min
- Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Combine logarithms into a single logarithm). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
- Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
- log 11 + log 3 − log 11 = log N. Find N. → 3Prompt: Adding logs multiplies the numbers; subtracting divides.
- 3 log 5 + log 6 = log N. Find N. → 750Prompt: k log a = log aᵏ (power law).
- Write 3 log 2 − log 2 + log 2 as a single logarithm log N. Find N. → 8Prompt: Use the power law first.
Hook · 3 min
- Show a "think of a number" puzzle and ask the class to work out the starting number.
- Share the objective: Solve exponential equations using logarithms. Read the success criteria together.
I do: model it · 7 min
- Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
- Example: Solve 4^x = 122. Give x to 3 decimal places.
- Step 1: x = log 122 ÷ log 4
- Step 2: x ≈ 3.465
- Answer: 3.465
- Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.
We do: guided practice · 6 min
- Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
- Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
- Solve 3^x = 198. Give x to 3 decimal places. → 4.814Prompt: Take logs of both sides.
- Solve 6 × 1.2^x = 192. Give x to 3 decimal places. → 19.009Prompt: Divide both sides by 6 first.
You do: independent practice · 7 min
- Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
- Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.
The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.
Exit ticket · 3 min
- Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
- Arjun invests $12000 at 5% compound interest per year. After how many whole years will the investment first be worth at least 3 times as much? → 23Prompt: Solve 1.05^t = 3 with logarithms.
- Solve 9 × 1.2^x = 207. Give x to 3 decimal places. → 17.198Prompt: Divide both sides by 9 first.
Watch out for
- Doing an operation to one side of an equation but not the other.
- Reading 3x as 3 + x, or thinking x always stands for one particular number.
Support and stretch
Support
- Review first: Combine logarithms into a single logarithm.
- Use concrete materials: balance scales or a balance drawing.
- Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
- Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.
Stretch
- Move on to: Solve equations with e and natural logarithms.
- Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
- Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.
Homework and more practice
Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/math/grade-11.
Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder