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English lesson plan · 4th grade (Year 5 in England) · 30 minutes

Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

Writing & Editing

CCSS W.4.2.CCCSS W.4.1.CEngland: Y4 Writing (cohesion)England: Y5 GPS (cohesive devices)

Objective and success criteria

Students will: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result.

  • I can answer questions on today's skill on my own, without help.
  • I can explain each step and say why it works.
  • I can check my answer and spot a mistake.

Before and after

Needs first: Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore

Leads to: Hook your reader: choose the strongest opening; Transitions for contrast and examples: however, for instance, similarly

Materials: A model text, Planning frame, Checklists for editing, Mini whiteboards, A short model text on the board, Printed student sheet (below).

Warm-up · 4 min

  • Quick retrieval from earlier learning (Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore). Students answer on mini whiteboards.
  • Show answers together and note who needs support in the main task.
  1. Choose the linking word or phrase that fits best. There are many ways to save water. ___, you can turn off the tap while you brush your teeth. (For example / Because / Therefore / However) → For examplePrompt: What does the second part do: give a reason, an example, a result, or another point?
  2. Swimming is fun. It also keeps you fit. What job does "also" do? (gives a reason / gives an example / shows a result / adds another point) → adds another pointPrompt: Read what comes after the linking words.
  3. Choose the linking word or phrase that fits best. Dogs make great pets ___ they are loyal and playful. (therefore / because / however / for instance) → becausePrompt: What does the second part do: give a reason, an example, a result, or another point?

Hook · 3 min

  • Show two openings to the same piece of writing and ask which makes them want to read on.
  • Share the objective: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result. Read the success criteria together.

I do: model it · 7 min

  • Work through the example out loud, saying why you do each step, not just what you do.
  • Example: Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Cycling keeps you fit. ___, it is a cheap way to travel.
  • Step 1: Linking phrases guide the reader from one idea to the next.
  • Step 2: Put it back into the sentence and read it aloud: "Cycling keeps you fit. In addition, it is a cheap way to travel."
  • Step 3: So the answer is: In addition
  • Answer: In addition
  • Pause after each step and ask a student to say what comes next.

We do: guided practice · 6 min

  • Do these together. Students try each step on whiteboards before you reveal it.
  • Use the hints as prompts rather than giving the answer.
  1. Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Cycling keeps you fit. ___, it is a cheap way to travel. (In addition / As a result / In other words / For instance) → In additionPrompt: Read both sentences. What does the second one do?
  2. The road was icy. Consequently, the buses were cancelled. What job does "Consequently" do? (adds another point / gives an example / shows a result / explains in other words) → shows a resultPrompt: Read what comes straight after the linking phrase.

You do: independent practice · 7 min

  • Students work on the student sheet. Circulate and check the first two answers of every student early.
  • Students who finish: write a question of their own for a partner, with the answer.

The 6 questions are on the student sheet below, with answers in the key.

Exit ticket · 3 min

  • Two questions on their own. Sort answers into got it / nearly / not yet to plan the next lesson.
  1. Our team trained every day. Moreover, we practised at weekends. What job does "Moreover" do? (adds another point / gives an example / shows a result / explains in other words) → adds another pointPrompt: Read what comes straight after the linking phrase.
  2. Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Penguins are flightless. ___, they cannot fly. (For example / Furthermore / In other words / Consequently) → In other wordsPrompt: Read both sentences. What does the second one do?

Watch out for

  • Writing everything at once without planning.
  • Editing only spelling and not whether the writing makes sense.

Support and stretch

Support

  • Review first: Linking words for reasons and examples: because, for example, therefore.
  • Use concrete materials: a model text.
  • Give the first step of each question, or a partly worked example to finish.
  • Pair with a confident partner for the guided practice.

Stretch

  • Move on to: Hook your reader: choose the strongest opening; Transitions for contrast and examples: however, for instance, similarly.
  • Explain a common mistake in writing and how to fix it.
  • Write a word problem that uses today's skill, then solve a partner's.

Homework and more practice

Free online practice with hints and printable worksheets for this skill: eurekami.com/english/grade-4.

Free lesson plan from eurekami.com/lesson-plan-builder

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Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

Name

Date

Score/ 6

  1. Question 1

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Cycling keeps you fit. ___, it is a cheap way to travel.

    • A. As a result
    • B. In other words
    • C. In addition
    • D. For instance

  2. Question 2

    Some birds migrate. For instance, swallows fly to Africa for the winter. What job does "For instance" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  3. Question 3

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. The river flooded the fields. ___, the farmers could not plant their crops.

    • A. In other words
    • B. As a result
    • C. In addition
    • D. For instance

  4. Question 4

    The road was icy. Consequently, the buses were cancelled. What job does "Consequently" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

  5. Question 5

    Choose the linking phrase that fits best. Foxes eat many different foods. ___, they will eat berries, worms and even leftover pizza.

    • A. In addition
    • B. For instance
    • C. In other words
    • D. As a result

  6. Question 6

    Vegetables are good for you. In addition, they are tasty in soups. What job does "In addition" do?

    • A. adds another point
    • B. gives an example
    • C. shows a result
    • D. explains in other words

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Answer key: Linking words to add and explain: in addition, for instance, as a result

  1. 1. C. In addition

  2. 2. B. gives an example

  3. 3. B. As a result

  4. 4. C. shows a result

  5. 5. B. For instance

  6. 6. A. adds another point